Hebron v. Touhy’s Empirical Analysis
18 F.3d 421 · 1994
Citation profile
41 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 78 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably Singer v. Fulton County Sheriff (1995), Radvansky v. City of Olmsted Falls (2005)
41 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Graham v. Connor · Payton v. New York · Beck v. State of Ohio · Hunter v. Bryant
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 78 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“information from or about a [putative] victim of crime would lead a reasonable officer to be suspicious,”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“have a hard time evaluating competing claims about motive; they are entitled to act on the basis of observable events and let courts resolve conflicts about mental states.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“distinctly the matter objected to and the grounds of the objection,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.