Zeigler v. State’s Empirical Analysis
2009
Citation profile
21
cited by 21 later decisions
1
states following
February 2018
most recently cited
21 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · State v. Delva · 761 So. 2d 1055 - Freeman v. State · 124 So. 2d 481 - Brown v. State · 837 So. 2d 366 - Reed v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 21 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“I now instruct you on the circumstances that must be proved before Mynor Solano may be found guilty of murder in the second degree or any lesser included crime. Murder in the second degree: Before you can find the defendant guilty of second degree murder, the state must prove the following three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) Gregorio Rodriguez is dead. (2) The death was caused by the criminal act of Mynor Solano. (3) There was an unlawful killing of Gregorio Rodriguez by an act imminently dangerous to another and demonstrating a depraved mind without regard for human life. . . . . An act is imminently dangerous to another and demonstrating a depraved mind if it is an act or series of acts that: (1) a person of ordinary judgment would know is reasonably certain to kill or do serious bodily injury to another and; (2) is done from ill will, hatred, spite or an evil intent, and, (3) is of such a nature that the act itself indicates an indifference to human life. In order to convict of second degree murder, it is not necessary for the state to prove the defendant had an intent to cause death. . . . . Before you can find the defendant guilty of manslaughter, the state must prove the following two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 1. Gregorio Rodriguez is dead. 2. Mynor Solano intentionally caused the death of Gregorio Rodriguez. I further instruct you that if you find that the defendant over-reacted [and] used excessive force to defend himself from the attack of the vic”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“We are also aware that the standard jury instruction for manslaughter by act requires a finding that the defendant “intentionally caused the death of’ the victim. Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Crim.) 7.7. We do not read this instruction to require an intent to kill, however. We read this instruction to require an intentional act that “caused the death of’ the victim.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“that the Defendant had a premeditated intent to cause death.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.