Hayden v. County of Nassau’s Empirical Analysis
180 F.3d 42 · 1999
Citation profile
39 federal appellate · 26 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 314 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably Ricci v. DeStefano (2009), Iqbal v. Hasty (2007)
39 federal appellate · 26 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Washington v. Davis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 314 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In considering a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), a district court may consider the facts alleged in the complaint, documents attached to the complaint as exhibits, and documents incorporated by reference in the complaint.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“When a motion to dismiss is granted, the usual practice is to grant leave to amend the complaint.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“expressly classifies persons on the basis of race.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.