Gardner v. Spurlock’s Empirical Analysis
1959
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 6 district · 24 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 31 later decisions — most recently January 1998 · most notably Mildfelt v. Lair (1977), Shepard v. John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance (1962)
1 federal appellate · 6 district · 24 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Rexroad · Oliver v. Nugen · City of Wichita v. Boles · Stapleton v. Hartman · Morgan v. Wheeler
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A]mbiguity in a written instrument does not appear until application of pertinent rules of interpretation to the face of the instrument leaves it genuinely uncertain which one of two or more meanings is a proper meaning.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.