Commonwealth v. Leed, E., Aplt.’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

8 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Probable cause exists where the facts and circumstances within the affiant's knowledge and of which he has reasonably trustworthy information are sufficient in themselves to warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief that a search should be conducted.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Kemp · Commonwealth v. Manuel

2. “[S]earch warrants may only issue upon probable cause and '[t]he issuing authority, in determining whether probable cause has been established, may not consider any evidence outside the affidavits.'”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Green · Commonwealth v. Manuel

3. “a magistrate's probable cause determination should receive deference from the reviewing courts. In keeping with the Fourth Amendment's strong preference for warrants, 'courts should not invalidate ... warrants by interpreting affidavits in a hyper[-]technical, rather than a commonsense, manner.'”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Manuel