Michel v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
1922
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 88 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 98 later decisions — most recently September 2017 · most notably 45 Cal. 2d 652 - People v. Boyles (1955), Anderson v. Nosser (1971)
6 federal appellate · 88 state decisions — followed in 13 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Robertson v. Sichel · Foley v. Martin · McKenna v. Heinlen · Colton v. Beardsley, Bigelow & Spooner · 55 Cal. App. 760 - Baisley v. Henry
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 98 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““A public officer is not responsible for the acts or omissions of subordinates properly employed by or under him, if such subordinates are not in his private service, but are themselves servants of the government, unless he has directed such acts to be done or has personally cooperated therein.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage“He [a chief of police] may even be charged with the duty of selecting the members of the force, but he is not responsible for their acts, unless he has directed such acts to be done, or has personally co-operated in the offense, for each policeman is, like himself, a public servant.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Fernelius v. Pierce““In this capacity he may not be held liable in damages for the unlawful acts and omissions of the subordinates of the department, selected pursuant to the provisions of the charter, unless it can be shown that he has directed such acts or personally co-operated therein.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.