189 W. Va. 94 - Beckley v. Crabtree’s Empirical Analysis
1993
Citation profile
31 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 39 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably 197 W. Va. 616 - Mallamo v. Town of Rivesville (1996), 195 W. Va. 272 - Clark v. Dunn (1995)
31 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on State v. Terrell · 186 W. Va. 336 - Randall v. Fairmont City Police Department
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(b) An employee of a political subdivision is immune from liability unless one of the following applies: (1) His or her acts or omissions were manifestly outside the scope of employment or official responsibilities; (2) His or her acts or omissions were with malicious purpose, in bad faith, or in a wanton or reckless manner; or (3) Liability is expressly imposed upon the employee by a provision of this code. 12”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“"the method of providing police, law enforcement or fire protection" contained in W.Va.Code § 29-12A-5 (a)(5) refers to the formulation and implementation of policy related to how police, law enforcement or fire protection should be provided. Resolution of the issue of whether a loss or claim occurs as a result of the method of providing law enforcement protection requires determining whether the allegedly negligent act resulted from the manner in which a formulated policy regarding such protection was implemented. [12]”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“The term “method” is defined as “a procedure or process for attaining an object” and as an “orderly arrangement, development or classification.” ... The term is synonymous with the words “mode,” “plan,” “design,” or “system.” ... Thus, the “method” of performing an act refers to the decision or plan as to how the act is to be performed. Similarly, the “method of providing police or fire protection” refers to the governmental decisions as to how to provide police or fire protection.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.