majority">Mr. Chief Justice' Alyey

delivered the opinion of the Court:

The appeal in this case is from an order of the court below, ratifying a sale of certain real estate made under a decree of the court passed in a foreclosure proceeding. The sale was made by trustees on November 23, 1900; and the highest and best bid received at said sale was made by Mrs. Emily Heintzelman, who was reported as the purchaser of the property, at and for the sum of $17,600. The purchaser paid in cash $1,300 to the trustees; and while she had the option of paying one-third of the purchase money in cash, and the balance in one and two years, she wished to avail herself of the privilege of paying the entire amount in cash on the ratification of the sale by the court, and had made arrangements accordingly.

A nisi order of ratification was passed upon the report of sale, and upon the last day for showing cause against the ratification, Mrs. Martha O. Hunt, defendant in the equity proceeding and appellant on this appeal, filed her petition and exceptions to the report of sale of said property, and asked the court to set aside said sale, and to authorize the trustees to accept from the petitioner the amount of the trust, the interest thereon, and the cost and expenses of the suit, and to direct said trustees to deed the property to one Ben B. Bradford, or the petitioner, upon compliance with the terms of sale ■—• thus entirely ignoring and putting aside all rights of the purchaser at the original sale.

The grounds of the exceptions as stated are these:

Hirst, that Mrs. Hunt, the owner of the property, the appellant herein, was misled and surprised in the sale of the property, in this, that having made an arrangement, as she supposed and alleges, for obtaining a loan of $3,000, with which to make payment on the mortgage or trust debt, and costs and expenses, and thus stopping the sale; whereas, to her great surprise the negotiation for the loan failed of consummation at the last moment, and when she supposed that everything'had been arranged for stopping further proceed*123iug with the sale, and that the parties interested in making the sale were content therewith. She also alleges and swears that persons intending to bid on the property did not attend the sale, owing to the fact that they had been informed that arrangements had been made whereby the sale Avould be postponed. Second, that the property Avas sold for a grossly inadequate price; and a party Aras produced Avho swears that the property was worth $26,000, and that he would give that sum. for it, if he could get it without delay. He does not, however, obligate himself in any enforceable manner to purchase the property at that price at a resale, if such resale should be ordered.

The petition and exceptions of Mrs. Hunt were sworn to by her, and several affidavits of third parties were filed in support of the allegations of her petition. They all tend to show that an understanding prevailed that the sale would not go on in consequence of an arrangement that had been made by Mrs. Hunt for borrowing money to make a partial payment on the mortgage debt and interest. It is also shoAvn that such an arrangement had been nearly consummated, but failed at the last moment before the sale, and when Mrs. Hunt had retired, supposing that everything was satisfactorily arranged for staying the sale. All the parties making affidavits in behalf of Mrs. Hunt swear that the price for which the property sold Avas largely inadequate. This, however, is a controverted question.

Nothing being done to stay or postpone the sale, it Avas proceeded Avith, with the result already stated, and which has been finally ratified by the court.

Mrs. Heintzelman, the purchaser, filed a petition as purchaser, insisting upon her rights as purchaser, and praying that the sale be finally ratified as reported. She alleges that the sale was in all respects fair and properly made, and that the property sold for a fair and adequate price. She sets ■forth fully the facts attending the sale, and she swears to the petition. With the petition were filed several affidavits of competent parties, in support of the facts alleged by her, and who swear that the property sold for a fair price.

*124Mr. Darlington, one of the complainants in the foreclosure proceeding, in which the decree for sale was made, also files an affidavit setting forth the facts of the case. He shows that considerable indulgence had been extended to Mrs. Hunt and her representatives, upon promises to pay interest and taxes, but which promises were never complied with. He states the circumstances attending the sale, and shows that the sale was in all respects perfectly fair and bona fide. He then proceeds to' state:

“ I further say that the interest upon the fifteen thousand ($15,000) dollar loan is now (January 18, 1901) nearly eighteen months in arrears; that the insurance upon the property has been renewed at the expense of the complainants; that the defendant, although procuring the issuance of the now current policy, having failed and refused to pay the same, the complainants making the necessary payment only after being notified by the insurance company that the policy would otherwise be canceled, and that the estate very urgently needs the interest in arrears. The complainants have no interest in the question whether the exceptions to the sale shall be allowed or disallowed, nor any wish to interfere with any opportunity to the defendant to obtain a larger price, provided they, or the estate which they represent, shall not be involved in further postponements and delays; but they do object to any interference with the sale, upon so slight a guaranty to them as would be afforded by a deposit of three hundred dollars, as proposed by the exceptor. On the contrary, it is submitted that, if the court shall be of opinion that the defendant may be allowed to avail herself of the alleged larger offer for the property, consistently with the rights of the purchaser at the sale, the relief which she asks should be conditioned upon the payment to the complainants, or into the registry of the court, of a sum fully sufficient to indemnify against the contingency of failure by the alleged new bidder to consummate the sale, and against that of a less favorable resale at auction in that event, and upon the further condition that, out of the sum so deposited or otherwise, complainants may *125immediately be paid tbe arrears of interest upon tbe incumbrance, tbe overdue taxes and insurance.”

"With all tbis proof before tbe court, a motion was made, after tbe case bad been taken up for argument, as stated in argument in tbis court and not denied, for a reference to an examiner to take proof on tbe exceptions filed to tbe sale. The motion was denied, and we think very properly so. Such a reference ought not to be made, in such a case as tbe present, unless actually necessary for tbe purpose of obtaining evidence deemed essential for tbe action of tbe court, as such references are most generally attended with considerable delay,— a consequence very often desired to be accomplished by some of tbe parties to such proceeding. Tbe practice as it prevails generally is to have such exceptions npon affidavits, as in tbe case of Williamson v. Dale, 3 Johns. Ch. 290, before Chancellor Kent, or, according to tbe Maryland Chancery practice, where proof is necessary, by an order giving leave to either party to take depositions before a justice of tbe peace, on three days’ notice thereof to tbe opposite party, to be read at the bearing of tbe exceptions, ■set down for bearing at a particular day. Andrews v. Scotton, 2 Bland, 629, 631; Anderson v. Foulke, 2 H. & G. 346. But we think tbe facts are sufficiently developed in tbis case, on tbe affidavit's filed, to enable tbe court to dispose of tbe exceptions.

1. Tbe alleged inadequacy of price alone and apart from all other considerations, presented by tbe facts, would make no such case as would for a moment entitle the exceptant to relief. Nothing short of such inadequacy of price as would shock tbe conscience of tbe court, or furnish ground for believing that there was fraud, collusion, or bad faith, or gross neglect of duty, in making tbe sale, will justify tbe court in setting it aside upon that ground alone. Here there is no pretense or suggestion that there was any want of good faith or fairness in making tbe sale, either on tbe part of tbe trustees or tbe purchaser at tbe sale. If, therefore, tbe exceptions to tbe sale can be sustained in any view of tbe case, it must be on tbe ground of tbe alleged surprise of Mrs. *126Hunt in the failure of her arrangement to obtain the money to stop the sale.

In the case of Graffam v. Burgess, 117 U. S. 180, 191, the Supreme C'ourt of the United States, in an opinion by Mr. Justice Bradley, has examined and discussed this question with great care and fullness. In that case it was said by the court:

“ It was formerly the rule in England, in chancery sales,, that until confirmation of the master’s report, the bidding would be opened upon a mere offer to advance the price 10-per centum. 2 Dan. Ch. Prac. (lsted.) 924, (2d ed.) 1465; Sug. V. & P: (14th ed.) 114. But Lord Eldon expressed much dissatisfaction with this practice of opening biddingsupon a mere offer of an advanced price, as tending to diminish confidence in such sales, to keep bidders from attending sales,, and to diminish the amount realized. White v. Wilson, 14 Ves. 151; Williams v. Attenborough, Turner & Russ, 70; White v. Damon, 7 Ves. 30. Lord Eldon’s views were finally adopted in England, in the sale of land by auction act,, 1867, 30 & 31 Vict. Ch. 48, Sec. 7, so that now the highest bidder at a sale by auction of land, under an order of court, provided he has bid a sum equal to or higher than, the reserved price (if any), will be declared and allowed the purchaser, unless the court or judge, on the ground of fraud or improper conduct in the management of the sale, upon the application of any person interested in the land, either opens-the biddings, or orders the property to be resold. 1 Sug. V. & P. (14th ed.) 114, note a.

“ In this country Lord Eldon’s views were adopted at an early day by the courts, and the rule has become almost universal, that a sale will not be set aside for inadequacy of' price, unless the inadequacy be so great as to shock the conscience, or unless there be additional circumstances against its fairness; being very much the rule that always prevailed in England as to setting aside sales after the master’s report-had been confirmed.” For these propositions a large number of American cases are cited. •

The court further proceeds: “ From the cases here cited' we may draw the general conclusion that, if the inadequacy *127of price is so gross as to sboclc the conscience, or if, in addition to gross inadequacy, the purchaser has been guilty of any unfairness, or has taken any undue advantage, or if the owner of the property, or party interested in it, has been for any other reason, misled or surprised, then the sale will be regarded as fraudulent and void, or the party injured will be permitted to redeem the property sold. Great inadequacy requires only slight circumstances of unfairness in the conduct of the party benefited by the sale to raise the presumption of fraud.”

This we must take as the established rule in the Federal chancery jurisdiction, and it is the established rule that prevails in this country generally, as shown by the cases cited in the opinion from which we have just quoted. In addition to those there cited, we may cite the cases of Cohen v. Wagner, 6 Gill, 236; Johnson v. Dorsey, 7 Gill, 269.

2. But there are other circumstances in the case, apart from the alleged inadequacy of price, which must be allowed to have some force, independently of the supposed inadequacy of the price received. As we have seen, Mrs. Hunt alleges and swears that she was greatly surprised at the turn that the negotiation for the $3,000 loan took, and she has furnished independent evidence of the circumstances of the negotiation, and the ground that she had for supposing that the arrangement was completed, and that the sale would be stopped; and upon that understanding parties intending to bid for the property remained away from the sale. It is true, as said by Chancellor Kent, in the case of Williamson v. Dale, 3 Johns. Ch. 290, the question is not free from difficulty, and in order to furnish relief upon the ground of surprise, the principle is required to be pushed to the utmost verge of an admissible interference. But, following the precedent of that case, we think the sale ought to be set aside. In the case referred to of Williamson v. Dale, the executors of a mortgagor were innocently misled, and induced to believe that the sale of the mortgaged premises would not take place on the day appointed, there being no culpable negligence on their part, the court, under the cir*128cumstances of the case, ordered the sale to be set aside on the ground alone of surprise, but on terms prescribed in the' order, though the sale was perfectly regular and fair, and no unfair intention was imputed to the mortgagee or his solicitor.

But while we think that, under the circumstances of the case, the sale should be set aside, yet it should be done conditionally, that is to say, on condition that Mrs. Hunt pay into the registry of the court as a deposit the sum of $3,000, within fifteen days from the date of the mandate of this court to the court below, to be applied to the payment of overdue taxes on the mortgaged or trust property, and to the extinguishment of accrued interest on the mortgage debt, and to reimburse the plaintiffs in the decree for any money that they may have been required to pay for insurance on the property, and the balance of said $3,000 to be applied as a credit upon the principal of the mortgage debt. And on the further condition that she shall pay the interest on the money paid by the purchaser, Mrs. Heintzelman, to the trustees, and all costs and expenses to which she has been subjected by reason of becoming such purchaser, to be taxed according to law. This is required, as Mrs. Hunt has had the occupancy of the property now for a year since the sale. And if these conditions are complied with, within the time prescribed, the trustees acting under said decree, shall be at liberty to proceed to resell the said mortgaged or trust property in the manner as directed by said decree; and the costs and expenses attending the said sale made to Mrs. Heintzelman shall be included in the costs and expenses of the suit, including the cost of the present appeal, and be paid out of the proceeds of sale of the property. But if these conditions are not complied with, within the time prescribed, then the said order of final ratification of sale shall be reinstated by the court below, and the same shall stand as if never appealed from; and the costs of the present appeal shall be paid by the appellant. The foregoing conditions are in accordance with the terms prescribed in allowing resale in the cases of Watson v. Birch, 4 Bro. C. C. 172, 178; S. C., 2 Ves. Jr. 51, and Williamson v. Dale, 3 Johns. Ch. 290.

*129The order appealed from is reversed and the cause remanded that the same may be proceeded in in accordance with the foregoing opinion; and it is so ordered.

Order reversed and cause remanded.

On December 5,1901, a motion for rehearing was made on behalf of the appellees.

On April 1, 1902, the motion was denied, Mr. Chief Justice Axvey delivering the opinion of the Court:

Shortly after the opinion in this case was filed, it was brought to our attention that we were in error in supposing that Mrs. Hunt, the appellant, was still in the possession of the property that had been sold to Mrs. Heintzelman, and therefore the former ought not to be required' to pay interest on the part of the purchase money that was shown by the record before us to have been paid by Mrs. Heintzelman, as one of the conditions upon which the order appealed from was reversed. Mrs. Heintzelman, the purchaser, has made a motion for a rehearing of the appeal taken by Mrs. Hunt, and by that motion and in support thereof, she has brought to the attention of this court the proceedings that took place in the court below subsequent to the order of ratification of the sale, and subsequent to the entry and perfection of the appeal, by Mrs. Hunt, from the final order of ratification to this court. In the appeal there was no supersedeas bond given by Mrs. Hunt to stay the proceeding in the court below, pending the appeal to this court, but the appeal was duly entered on the day of the passage of the order of ratification of the sale, and an appeal bond for costs was filed a few days thereafter, thus entitling her to prosecute her appeal, and the appeal was duly prosecuted, and the order of ratification appealed from was reversed on conditions prescribed.

The petition of Mrs. Heintzelman for rehearing of the ease presented by the appeal of Mrs. Hunt, shows that the decree under which the sale was made required the purchaser to pay the purchase money, the one-third in cash, *130and the residue in one and two years, with interest from the day of sale, secured by a deed of trust upon the property, or all cash, at the option of the purchaser. That, after the final order of ratification of the sale, and after the appeal was taken therefrom by Mrs. Hunt, Mrs. Heintzelman, the purchaser, paid the purchase money in full, and thereupon received from the trustees making the sale, a deed of the property, and duly recorded the same, and that the purchase money has been paid over in discharge of the mortgage. That she applied to the court and obtained therefrom the writ of assistance, after the appeal had been perfected, under which she was placed in possession of the property by the marshal; and that after being thus placed in possession, and during the pendency of the appeal, she expended, according to her statement, about $6,000 in improvements on the property. All this was done after the appeal was entered and during its pendency.

Whatever may be the effect of these subsequent proceedings upon the rights of the parties, even if such proceedings had been produced before us at the hearing of Mrs. Hunt’s appeal, they could not have affected or influenced the determination of that appeal, nor can they in any manner furnish ground for granting a rehearing of that appeal. These proceedings all having taken place subsequent to the order of ratification and the entry of the appeal therefrom, they formed no part of the record upon which that appeal could have been considered. Mrs. Heintzelman is placed in an unfortunate predicament; but there is no relief that this court can afford her on the record now before us. Whatever relief may be open to her, whether it be as equitable assignee or by way of subrogation, she must apply to the court below, by an appropriate proceeding for the purpose. Of course, if Mrs. Hunt should fail to comply with the conditions prescribed by this court in the reversal of the order of ratification of the sale to Mrs. Heintzelman, the sale will stand confirmed as originally made, and in that event the difficulty as to Mrs. Heintzelman’s position will be avoided. The conditions prescribed, however, must be modified to the extent *131of relieving Mrs. Hunt from the obligation of paying interest to Mrs. Heintzelman on tbe purchase money paid by the latter to the trustees; but Mrs. Hunt must, in addition to other terms prescribed, pay and fully reimburse Mrs. Heintzelman all sums of money that she may have paid on account of taxes due upon the property, and also for money paid for any and all reasonable insurance of the property, as money paid for and to the use of Mrs. Hunt, she being required, by covenant in the deed of trust, to pay all taxes and insurance on the property.

With this modification of the terms or conditions upon which the order of ratification was reversed by this court, the motion for rehearing must be denied; and it is so ordered.

Motion for rehearing denied.

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