19 C.M.A.
Volume 19 — Court of Military Appeals Reports
232 opinions
- 19 C.M.A. 3United States v. Rose (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 5United States v. Armstrong (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 7United States v. Kingston (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 8United States v. Anderson (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 9United States v. Rego (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 11United States v. Camacho (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 13United States v. Cook (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 15United States v. Armes (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 17United States v. Morisseau (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 19United States v. Peak (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 22United States v. Plamondon (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 26United States v. Sharkey (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 29United States v. Weinstein (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 31United States v. Allen (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 33United States v. Safford (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 35United States v. Brooks (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 37United States v. O'Dell (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 39United States v. Matheny (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 40United States v. Frazier (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 43United States v. Nichols (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 46United States v. Hallahan (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 49United States v. Johnson (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 51United States v. Ross (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 56United States v. Huff (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 57United States v. Yatsko (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 58United States v. Stewart (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 60United States v. Hayes (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 64United States v. Keaton (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 68United States v. Easter (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 69United States v. Stevenson (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 70United States v. Everson (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 71United States v. Fryman (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 73United States v. Higginbotham (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 74United States v. Conner (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 75United States v. Adams (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 81United States v. Wysingle (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 82United States v. Clark (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 85United States v. Tackett (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 88United States v. Jennings (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 91United States v. BeLarge (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 93United States v. Gill (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 94United States v. McGonigal (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 96United States v. Calley (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 97United States v. Marshall (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 100United States v. Wilson (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 102United States v. Rodman (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 104United States v. Kaiser (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 107United States v. Halvorsen (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 109United States v. Murray (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 110Reed v. Ohman (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 117Fischer v. Kieffer (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 119United States v. Fields (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 120United States v. Przybycien (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 130United States v. Dues (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 131United States v. Pelton (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 134United States v. Welch (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 140United States v. Thornton (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 146United States v. Wallace (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 149United States v. Fortier (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 151United States v. McDowell (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 152United States v. Feely (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 159United States v. Mladjen (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 167United States v. Bell (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 172United States v. Lucas (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 173United States v. Hawes (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 174United States v. Venerable (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 178United States v. Bobadilla (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 179United States v. Harrison (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 184United States v. Bryan (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 188United States v. Payne (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 191United States v. Pettigrew (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 196United States v. Blackwell (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 201United States v. Estep (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 203United States v. Papenheim (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 206United States v. Hurt (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 211United States v. Martin (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 216United States v. Condron (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 217United States v. Davis (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 225United States v. Pierce (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 230United States v. Respess (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 236United States v. Chappell (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 245United States v. Lowery (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 246United States v. Hoff (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 247Walker v. Commanding Officer (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 254Dale v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 262United States v. Adams (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 263United States v. Wysingle (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 264Mercer v. Dillon (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 274United States v. Moore (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 279United States v. Pryor (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 281United States v. Sandoval (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 281United States v. Heaston (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 282United States v. Matlock (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 283United States v. Ortiz (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 284United States v. Mora (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 285Horner v. Resor (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 288Kline v. Resor (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 289Dexter v. Chafee (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 291Smith v. Coburn (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 293Priest v. Koch (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 299United States v. Hout (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 309United States v. Bunch (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 311United States v. Schultz (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 317United States v. Falls (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 319United States v. Peterson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 324United States v. Pringle (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 327Gosa v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 328Wright v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 329Hooper v. Laird (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 332United States v. Haagenson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 334United States v. Williams (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 338United States v. White (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 341United States v. Acosta (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 344United States v. Saplala (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 345United States v. Benway (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 348United States v. Griffin (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 351United States v. Grimes (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 352United States v. Perkins (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 352United States v. Chisholm (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 353United States v. Leonard (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 356United States v. McFarland (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 360United States v. Pressey (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 363United States v. Averette (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 366United States v. Masemer (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 370United States v. Wetzel (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 376United States v. Elwood (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 379United States v. Pearson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 381United States v. LeBlanc (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 383United States v. Scott (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 384United States v. Crow (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 389United States v. Marks (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 391United States v. Clifford (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 394United States v. Buchana (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 398United States v. Cuero (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 401In re Watson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 402United States v. Curtiss (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 403Zamora v. Woodson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 405Taylor v. Resor (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 407Johnson v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 409United States v. Grace (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 412United States v. McFadden (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 417United States v. Stewart (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 420United States v. McAllister (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 424United States v. Weatherford (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 431United States v. Schwartz (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 433Autry v. Hyde (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 437Hutson v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 438United States v. Hart (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 444United States v. Worley (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 446United States v. Priest (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 450United States v. Washington (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 452United States v. Sessions (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 455United States v. Freeland (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 456United States v. White (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 457United States v. Mallard (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 458United States v. Dorsey (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 460United States v. Greenwell (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 464United States v. Johnson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 472United States v. Walker (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 473United States v. Flowers (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 475United States v. Taylor (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 476United States v. March (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 477United States v. Redd (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 478United States v. Jenkins (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 479United States v. Rumpler (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 481United States v. Young (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 482United States v. Gauthier (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 483United States v. Tipton (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 484United States v. Thompson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 485United States v. Alicea (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 486United States v. Martin (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 487United States v. Worrell (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 488United States v. Mainard (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 489United States v. Delprado (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 490United States v. Iacono (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 491United States v. Wheat (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 491United States v. Smith (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 493Brant v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 494United States v. Binkley (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 495United States v. Mahoney (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 498United States v. Wilson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 500United States v. King (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 501United States v. Bruns (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 502United States v. Lindsay (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 503United States v. Jagow (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 504United States v. Truman (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 508United States v. Pieragowski (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 509United States v. Tripp (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 510United States v. Hughes (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 511Collier v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 518United States v. Daniels (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 521United States v. Batts (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 524United States v. Coleman (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 527United States v. Haney (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 528United States v. Holder (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 529United States v. Daniels (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 539United States v. Harvey (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 547United States v. Howard (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 554United States v. Wismann (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 556United States v. McEnany (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 559United States v. Rehm (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 562United States v. Drown (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 563United States v. Duron (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 564United States v. Villa (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 570United States v. Razor (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 571United States v. DeWees (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 572United States v. Freeman (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 573United States v. Ward (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 574Herrod v. Convening Authority (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 576Green v. Convening Authority (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 580United States v. Collier (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 582MacDonald v. Hodson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 584Hurt v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 585MacDonald v. Flanagan (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 586United States v. Moore (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 591United States v. Brown (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 625Lucas v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 626Christie v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 626Stout v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 626Parisi v. Pearson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 627Gagnon v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 628Washington v. Mock (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 629United States v. Brown (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 630MacDonald v. Tolson (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 630Fleiner v. Koch (1969)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 631Thompson v. Chafee (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 637Vasquez v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 637McNeil v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 637Culver v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 638Hedges v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 638Augenblick v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
- 19 C.M.A. 639Thomas v. United States (1970)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces