150
at the instance of one of the defendants wbo demurred, it is not mo.· terial that when the demurrer was beard service of process had not been made on some others of the parties named as defendants. If the cause was not in a condition to be heard on demurrer, the objection should have been taken in time. As it is, after the removing defendant has elected to treat the action as severed, he cannot now be heard to say that the hearing and decision upon the demurrer is to go for nothing. The real question is whether the hearing and decision of a cause upon a demurrer is a trial of the cause within the meaning of the removal act. This precise question has been decided adversely to the defendant by Judge BENEDICT in Langdon v. Fish, and it was there held that such a hearing was a trial which precluded the subsequent removal of the suit. It was not held in that case that the hearing upon a special demurrer, or one which is addressed to merely formal objections in a bill or complaint, is a trial within the contemplation of the act·. But if a defendant chooses to have the action tried upon the pleadings, instead of upon issues of fact, it is his right to do so, and the decision is a final determination of the action, unless in the discretion of the court a new pleading is permitted. By the Code number of other states, the hearing of a deof this state, and a muner is the trial of an issue of law. The term "trial" bas thus acquired a more enlarged signification than it possessed when Blackstone defined it as "the examination of the matter of fact in issue in fit cause." Babbittv. Clark, 103 U. S. 606, is authority for the proposition that the trial of a cause upon an issue of law is a trial which will preclude the removal of the suit afterwards. In this case, therefore, the motion to remand is granted; in the other cases it is denied. BROWN,
J., concurs in the results.
SHARP 'D.
WHITESIDE and others.1 SHA.RP.l
WHITESIDE v.
(Oireuit Oourt, E. D. Tenne88U, 8. D. July 4, 1883.) REMOVAL OF VAUSE-CITIZENSHIP-SEPARATE CONTROVERSY.
Where the question to be decided ina cause is the right of a p1alnt11f to (,lLrry passengers into a certain park owned by one of the defendants, the other defendants being the lessees of such park; a separate controversy exists between the lessor and plaintiit, and if they are citizens of different states the cause is removable under the second sectIon of 'the act of 1876.
In Equity J
13ee S.
c., post,
156.
SlURP V. WHITESIDE.
151
KEY, J. The first question to be determined in this case is whether the cause has been removed from the chancery court of the state to the circuit court of the United States. If it has been removed there other questions must be considered. If not, no order can be made or step taken except to remit the case to the chancery court of the state. It is conceded in argument that if this cause has been removed, or if it be removable, it is done, or it must be done, under the second clause of the second section of the act of 1875, declaring and the jurisdiction of the circuit courts of the United States. There are other defendants to the original cause. and all the defendants, except Florence Whiteside, are residents and citizens of the same state as L. J. Sharp, the complainant in the original bill. It is not denied that Florence Whiteside is a citizen of a different state from that of complainant, or that the allegations of her petition for removal! or the bond executed under it, are not in due form, or that the amount in controversy is sufficient, or the application made in time.' The contention on this point is whether the controversy is so entirely be- : tween Mr. Sharp and Miss Whiteside th'at it can be fully determined between them. There is no question, for the fact is admitted, that Miss Whiteside has title to the turnpike road and the park described in the pleadings. The "controversy'is ''Whether Sharp as a liverystable man, has the right to carry hil:l passengers into the park to which Miss Whiteside has title. In other words, is het title, in its character, servient to a right on the part of Sharp to 'enter the indosed park against her consent. The alleged right of the othe:r defepdants is that they have leased the, turnpike road and park from Miss Whiteside for the term of five years. It appears to me that whether her co-defendants have made such a ,contract of lease or not, hilS no effect upon the point in controtroversy between the chief parties. Anything in regard to thelease is subordinate to and dependent upon the, decision of the controversy between the principal parties. If Sharp has the right to enter the park, as he insists, he has it against the lessor and lessees alijre. If he has no Buch right against the lessor he has not against the lessees. There is no complication of the question in controversy between the parties by the joinder of the defendants, Itnd the case. between the principals canas well be tried without MissWhitesid'El)co-defendants as with them. Their controversy is perfectly, and distinctly separable from that with the other defendantfl,in UlJ opinion. 'It must follow, therefore, that the case is and that it was removed under the petition of Miss Whiteside. .This being so, the last bill, or amend.ed bill, filed by Sharp' without any authority, force, or effect, and. all the orders of. the chancery court, or chancellor'under' it, are void. . ThaJ poi-tion or'the record in th9 chancery court is out of the case. It appears, ,alao, that upon tho
Lewis %epherd, Key It Richmond, and Clarke It Snodgrass, for Sharp. W. 11. Dewitt and Wheeler Ii MarshaU, for Whiteside.
152
FEDERAL REPORTER.
same day upon which the petition for removal was presented, the petitioner took some other steps in the cause, upon which no action was taken by the court. I think these steps must also be taken as having no force or effect, as either having been taken after the petition was presented, or completely annulled and superseded by it. In this state of the pleadings, and the record sent from the state court, I think it best to give the parties opportunity to perfect and present, if they desire to do so, the case it appears to have been their purpose to have done, and in doing so I do not mean that they must present the same or even similar papers or pleadings, but such as they may deem proper and necessary to present the issues raised, or to be raised. Until opportunity has been given to do this I think it best to postpone action on the application of Miss Whiteside for an injunction, so that we may have the whole case in a tangible and perfect shape. The exception made by Sharp's solicitors in this state of the case will be without force. Leave is now given to Miss Whiteside to file the bill, she having given bond and surety for costs, but no new process and copy need issue.
WALSER
and others v. MEMPHIS, C. & N. W. By. Co.1
(Circuit Court, E. D· .Mis8ouri. Decemuer 3. 1883.) 1. 2. JOINDER OF PARTIES-CORPORATIONS.
A corporation is a necessary pany defen<1ant to a bill to enforce a judgment aj:tainst it by compelling contribution from its stockholders.
JURISDICTION-SUIT NOT WHOLLY. BETWEEN CITIZENS OF DIFFERENT STATBS. i
'Vhere there are two or more plaintiffs and two or more defendants, and one of the plaintiffs and one of the defendants are citizens of the same state, this court has no jurisdiction. Where a case has been brought here from a state court, no change of pleadings or in the relationship of the parties, by amendments in this court, can give jurisdiction not disclosed by original proceedings in the state court.
3.
SAME-REMOVAL OF CAUSES FROM STATE TO FEDERAl. COURT-AMENDMENTS.
Motion to remand, on the ground that this court has not jurisdiction of this case and the same was illegally removed because the claims and demands of the complainants are several and not joint, and some of them do not exeeed the sum of $500, and because the controversy herein is not wholly between citizens of different states, but on the contrary is between citizens of the same state, and the controversy cannot be severed. For a report of the opinion of the court on a former motion to remand, and a fuller statement of facts, 6 FED. REP. 797. Joseph Shippen and John P. Elli8, for motion. Broadhead, Slayback d Hauesslcr, for petitioning defendant. 1
Reported by Benj. F. Rex, Esq.· of the St. Louis bar.