BRAINARD
v.
EVENING POST ASS'N.
(Oircuit Oowrt, D. Oonnecticut. February 14, 1884.) PATENT-PREVIOUS STATE OF THE ART-OOpy-DISTRWUTOR.
Letters patent No. 149,092, for an improved galley-holder, designed to facilitate the orderly assortment of compositors' copy, are invalid for want of pat. entable novelty in the invention.
In Equity. Ohas. Rollin Bramard, for plaintIff. Wm. Edgar Simonds, for defendant. SHIPMAN, J. This. is a bill in equity for relief against the alleged infringement of letters patent to Cnarles Rollin Brainard, No. 149,092, dated March 31,1874, for an improvement in compositors' copy distributors. The plaintiff is the owner of the patent. The invention is described in the specification as follows: "My invention '" '" '" consists in a galley-holder provided with a series of compartments and pins or hooks, correspondingly lettered or numbered, as hereinafter more fully set forth, the object being to keep tho copy properly assorted, thus greatly facilitating and reducing the expense of proof-reading. * '" '" It is well known to all practical printers and proof-readers that, as the compositors empty their .matter into the different galleys on the stand, the copy is usually deposited into a common receptacle, without to the nature of the article or the order of setting. J<'rom this receptacle the proof-reader is obliged to hunt up or select the copy corresponding with his proof, frequently causing much confusion and delay when time is very important, especially when the' takes' are small. In the drawing it is an dinary galley-stand, or holder, provided with compartments or slips, lettered in regular order from A to M. Disposed in the upper part of the stand are a series of pins or hooks or copy-holders, lettered to correspond with the compartments. '" '" '" When the compositor goes to the 'bank' or ' dump' to empty matter, instead of depositing his copy in a drawer, it is impaled on the pin or hook in the stand corresponding with the slip in which the galley is located. '" '" "'"
The claim is for "the copy-distributer described, consisting of the N, provided with compartments for galleys, and pins or hooks for copy, correspondingly lettered, substantially as and for the purpose specified." The important question in the case is that of patentability. To determine this question, a knowledge of the exwhich the invention bore to the previous state of the art is necessary. The case of Brainard v. Pulsifer, 7 FED. REP. 349, was tried before Judge LOWELL upon the patent and a "short stipulation as to the state of the art and the thing which the defendants use." So much of the stipulation as related to the history olthe art. is as follows: "It is further stipulated and agreed that, prior to the grant of the plainant's, patent, it was customary to conduct the business of sorting copy in daily newspaper printing offices substantially as follows: 'The copy was
V. EVEIUNG POST A.SS'N.
cut in suitable lengths, called, technically, 'takes,' and distributed to the compositors in the office. When a compositor had set up his 'take' he deposited the type set up by him on a galley upon the galley-bank, and deposited the copy from which he had set up the type ina drawer, or box, or upon a table or shelf, or other receptacle, for the proof-reader.' "
When proofs were submitted to"the proof-reader for correction he was also furnished with the "copy," procured from the receptacle on ' or in which it had been placed. Upon this state of facts Judge,LowELL sustained the patent, and it seems to me that there was no reas,on fora different conclusion. But it is now clearly shown that the New York$un office. in 1868, and thereafter, and, before the date of patented invention, used , There was placed over ,the dumping galley a the Series of lettered hooks, which w;ere lettered to correspond with the letters which, by the of the office, were uniformly placed upon "takes" or the different classes of matter to be put in type,' . small pieces of copy were marked \"ith their appropriate letter and were numbered in numerical order and were given to the compositors, each of whom placed his matter, when in type, upon a galley in the galley-bank, and marked it with a tag to correspond with the letter and number on his copy, and placed his copy on the hook which conletter. Sometimes, instead of the tags, the tained the galleys were chalked with aletter to indicate' where the copy containing the letters was placed. In the Waterbury American office, for the greater part of the time between 1868 and 1872, there was a system of lettered hooks and spindles over the galley-ba:u,k, the. letters or words indicating the character of the copy to be placed on each hook. Copy was placed upon the respective hooks, was taken therefrom by the compositors, and when set in type was returned to the spindle and the type was placed upon the galleys, which, though not designated,were "understood, as a rule of the office, to correspond respectively with 'the copy hooks and holders. It thus appears, espe'elally by the testimopyfrom the ,Sun office, that separate hooks for, the reception of copy, correspondingly lettered with the letters placed upon the copy, and designated upon tht) type when placed in the galley; were used" and thus the delay {"',ll having to search through a large pile of copy for the needed slip was avoided. The improvement of the patentee consisted in having lettered hooks When the art had arrived at to correspond with lettered lettering a' series of hooks to correspond with the letters systematically plaiied upon the copy, and marked upon the type,when placed have been any invenin the galley, there does not '.seem to me tion in permanently lettering the galley to correspond with the letadvance upon the simple system tering upon' tIle hooks. The of theoomparatively small Waterbury Americdn office was the en... II .
424
FEDERAL REPORTER.
'largement of the system so as to adapt it to the needs of a much larger newspaper, by the use of a greater number of lettered hooks, and the lettering of the galleys instead of their being designated by rule of the office and in the memory of the compositor. The description of the invention which was given by the patentee upon his cross examination is as follows: "When the compositor has emptied his type on the galley, he is instructed' by my invention, 149,092, to deposit his copy on a receptacle corresponding to the galley where his matter is, or corresponding to the take-mark on his copy and thereby keep the copy for that galley or article distinct and separate from all other copy or matter, for the more immediate convenience of the proof-reader, and without the labor usually entailed on a copy-sorter."
The invention thus described was substantially used in the Sun of. fice, and the patented improvement was a convenient modification of, but not a substantial advance upon, the Sun', system. Believing that the invention was not patentable, I have not exam· ined the question of infringement. The bill is dismissed.
eARN
WONG TOWN ON.
(Oircuit Oourt, D. Oalifornia.
February 4, 1884.)
PATENTS-COMBINATION OF SEPARATE DEVICES-SUBOOMBINATION.
The fact that a device, comprising several patentable elements, has been pat· ented as a whole, will not prevent the patentee from afterwards securing a patent for a combination of any number of the elements less than the Whole, prOVided he appplies for it before the lesser combination has been two vears in public use.
In Equity. M. A. Wheaton, for complainant. J. L. Boone, contra. SAWYER, J., (orally.) This action is upon a patent. The patent consists of lapping over two pieces of leather in making the seam of a boot or any other work of the kind, running a line of rivets along, and then a line of stitching on each side of the line of rivets, so as to make a compact, tight seam. The plea sets up that the patentee in this case, on a prior occasion, procured a patent, and that this other and prior patent is for the Bame thing, with the addition of a piece .of India rubber inserted between the two pieces of leather. The strip of India rubber having been inserted, a line of rivets is run along with two lines of stitching, one on each side of, the line of rivets, in the same manner as in the second patent. The defendant claims that the second patent is not a new invention; that it is merely a combination of a part of the elements of the first patent, or of the prior invention, and therefore that the second patent is void. as not covering