United States v. Tilmon’s Empirical Analysis
19 F.3d 1221 · 1994
Citation profile
127 federal appellate · 2 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 194 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably United States v. Newton (2004), 237 Ill. 2d 81 - People v. Johnson (2010)
127 federal appellate · 2 district · 20 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · Graham v. Connor · Florida v. Royer
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 194 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.”
15 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[f]or better or for worse, the trend has led to the permitting of ... measures of force more traditionally associated with arrest than with investigatory detention.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The mere use or display of force in making a stop will not necessarily transform a stop into an arrest if the surrounding circumstances give rise to a justifiable fear for personal safety.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.