Libby v. Duval’s Empirical Analysis
19 F.3d 733 · 1994
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably Burks v. Borg (1994), Singleton v. United States (1994)
26 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Gideon v. Wainwright · Kotteakos v. United States · Wainwright v. Sykes
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 35 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“' "had substantial and injurious effect or influence in determining the jury's verdict.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[m]alice is implied in every deliberate cruel act by one against another”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[B]ecause it was framed in irrefutable and unvarying terms ('[m]alice is implied in every deliberate and cruel act by one against another'), we think it at least reasonably likely that the challenged instruction completely removed the element of malice from the case once the Commonwealth established that petitioner had acted deliberately and cruelly.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.