19 Md. App. 204 - Williams v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1973
Citation profile
45 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently November 2016 · most notably Cartnail v. State (2000), 6 Va. App. 507 - Servis v. Commonwealth (1988)
45 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Chimel v. California · Coolidge v. New Hampshire · Adams v. Williams · Sibron v. State of New York Peters
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) Any law-enforcement officer who, in the light of his observations, information, and experience, has a reasonable belief that (i) a person may be wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun in violation of § 36B of this article, (ii) by virtue of his possession of a handgun, such person is or may be presently dangerous to the officer or to others, (iii) it is impracticable, under the circumstances, to obtain a search warrant; and (iv) it is necessary for the officer’s protection or the protection of others to take swift measures to discover whether such person is, in fact, wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun, such officer may (1) Approach the person and identify himself as a law-enforcement officer; (2) Request the person’s name and address, and, if the person is in a vehicle, his license to operate the vehicle, and the vehicle’s registration; and (3) Ask such questions and request such explanations as may be reasonably calculated to determine whether the person is, in fact, unlawfully wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun in violation of § 36B; and, if the person does not give an explanation which dispels the reasonable belief which he had, he may (4) Conduct a search of the person, limited to a patting or frisking of the person’s clothing in search of a handgun. The law-enforcement officer in acting under this section shall do so with due regard to all circumstances of the occasion, including but not limited to the age, appearance, physical condition, ma”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“"It follows ineluctably from that common purpose that the range in space of preventive police activity is coextensive in the ‘search incident’ situations and in the ‘frisk’ situations. To serve the purpose giving birth to the exception in the first place, it is as necessary to the ‘frisk’ as to the ‘search incident’ to define the perimeter of permitted police activity as that area within ‘the lunge,’ ‘the grasp,’ ‘the reach’ of the suspect — that area ‘which may fairly be deemed to be an extension of his person.’ ... Whether the police are arresting a suspect or are temporarily detaining him for questioning, the potential ability of the suspect to grab for a weapon is a constant factor. Although the ‘search incident' may be more intensive than the ‘frisk,’ the two will be, perforce, equally extensive.” (Citations omitted.)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.