State v. Ramirez’s Empirical Analysis
1998
Citation profile
2 district · 19 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 23 later decisions — most recently June 2019
2 district · 19 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Behrens v. Pelletier · Frusher v. Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream Co. · State v. Guerra · State v. Eastlack · State v. Willoughby
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 23 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"Premeditation” means that the defendant's intention or knowledge existed before the killing long enough to permit reflection. However, the reflection differs from the intent or knowledge that conduct will cause death. It may be as instantaneous as successive thoughts in the mind, and it may be proven by circumstantial evidence. It is this period of reflection, regardless of its length, which distinguishes first degree murder from intentional or knowing second degree murder. An act is not done with premeditation if it is the instant effect of a sudden quarrel or heat of passion.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Booker · State v. Haley“[a]n act is not done with premeditation if it is the instant effect of a sudden quarrel or heat of passion.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“We conclude that the first degree murder statute has never been aimed at those who had time to reflect but did not; it has always been aimed at those who actually reflected—and then murdered. If the difference between first and second degree murder is to be maintained, premeditation has to be understood as reflection. It is fair to talk of die period of time in which reflection might occur; but it is not fair to define reflection as the period of time in which it might occur. To have meaning, the element of premeditation must describe something that defendant actually does. Just as murder requires actual killing, premeditation requires actual reflection.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Byford v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.