¶1delivered the opinion of the Court.
¶2This case involves the propriety of a res ipsa loquitur instruction in a comparative negligence context. The Court of Appeals reversed the trial court’s judgment for the defendant and ordered a new trial on the plaintiff’s claim for damages.
¶3*3We granted the defendant’s petition for certiorari and now reverse the court of appeals.
¶4The plaintiff sought damages for injuries sustained in an automobile collision on December 7, 1972. Because of icy conditions that morning, the plaintiffs car “rear-ended” the vehicle traveling ahead of him. The two cars were stopped in their lane of travel, and the plaintiff left his car. In order to inspect the damage, the plaintiff walked between the front of his car and the rear of the car he had struck. While the plaintiff stood between the two bumpers, the defendant’s auto struck the plaintiffs from the rear. This propelled the plaintiffs car into the car the plaintiff had struck, trapping the plaintiffs legs between the bumpers and injuring him.
¶5At trial the plaintiff tendered a res ipsa loquitur instruction to the effect that a presumption of negligence arises from a rear-end collision.
¶6The court of appeals concluded that because the plaintiff had been contributorily negligent, the trial court’s refusal to give the tendered instruction was, at most, harmless error. The court of appeals went on to determine, however, that the adoption of comparative negligence
¶7The defendant argues that, in the special circumstances here presented, the trial court did not commit reversible error in refusing the instruction. We agree.
¶8The res ipsa loquitur doctrine permits a jury to infer from circumstantial evidence that the defendant was negligent when certain requisites are met. See W. Prosser, Law of Torts, §40 (4th Ed. 1971). In Colorado the doctrine has been held to give rise to a rebuttable presumption of the defendant’s negligence. Weiss v. Axler, 137 Colo. 544, 328 P.2d 88 (1958).
¶9The jury in the present case found that the defendant was negligent even though no res ipsa loquitur instruction was given. Thus, the jury found that the plaintiff had established the defendant’s negligence without the benefit of a presumption of negligence. Under these facts, the trial judge’s failure to give a res ipsa loquitur instruction could not possibly have prejudiced the plaintiff.
¶10*4Moreover, the fact that the jury found the plaintiff 70% at fault would have precluded his recovery under our comparative negligence statute
¶11The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed and the judgment of the trial court is reinstated.
¶12Tracy v. Graf. 37 Colo. App. 323, 550 P.2d 886 (1976).
¶13In proper circumstances, the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur may be applied to rear-end collisions. Dilts v. Baker, 162 Colo. 568, 427 P.2d 882 (1967); Iacino v. Brown, 121 Colo. 450, 217 P.2d 266 (1950).
¶14Section 13-21-111, C.R.S. 1973. Effective July 1, 1971.
¶15See Howard v. Avon Products, Inc., 155 Colo. 444, 455, 395 P.2d 1007, 1012 (1964): “The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur serves to create a prima facie case on behalf of the plaintiff.”
¶16Section 13-21-111(1), C.R.S. 1973 precludes the plaintiffs recovery if his negligence was as great as or greater than the defendant’s.
¶17We do note, however, that the Supreme Court of at least one state has held that a plaintiffs contributory negligence is not an absolute bar to reliance on res ipsa loquitur in a comparative negligence case. Turtenwald v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 55 Wis.2d 659, 201 N.W.2d 1 (1972); Welch v. Neisius, 35 Wis.2d 682, 151 N.W.2d 735 (1967); Turk v. H. C. Prange Co., 18 Wis.2d 547, 119 N.W.2d 365 (1963).