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196 Mo. App. 393

State v. Geist

Missouri Court of Appeals

Decided June 11, 1917

Missouri Court of Appeals · decided 1917-06-11

<p>INTOXICATING LIQUOR: Two Offenses: Instructions. Where the evidence for the State makes two prima-facie cases of a sale of liquor to two different persons and the evidence for defendant contradicts both, it is error to submit to the jury that they could find him guilty if they believed he sold to one or the other.</p>

Cited by 3 later decisions — most recently September 1930

3 state decisions

Relies on State v. Washington · State v. McGrath

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Reversed and remanded · Decided 1917-06-11

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ELLISON, P. J.

¶1Defendant was charged generally and convicted of the offense of selling intoxicating liquors in Putnam county in violation of the Local Option Law in force in such county.

¶2He kept a lunch room or restaurant and had a clerk or assistant named Martin. The evidence for the State related to sales at different times, said to have heen made to two men, one named Craft and the other Panes. An instruction was given in which it was submitted that if the jury believed from the evidence that defendant “sold Craft or Panes” intoxicating liquors, they would find him guilty. Following the reasoning in State v. Washington, 242 Mo. 401, and State v. McGrath, 73 Mo. 181, error was committed in giving this instruction.

¶3It was made an issue whether a sale was made to either, and a part of the jury may have believed a sale was made to Craft but not to Panes, and the remaining jurors may have believed the converse. Thus •a verdict could have been reached under the instruc*394tion without unanimity as to either. We cannot distinguish the case from those cited.

¶4This is not a case where one offense is involved, it being a point of dispute as to which of two persons the offense was committed with. But it is a case which, under the evidence, involves two distinct offenses, one a sale to Graft and the other a sale to Ranes. If there had been but one offense in controversy and an uncertainty as to which of two persons was the purchaser, then an instruction that if the jury believed the sale was made to either, they should find the' defendant guilty would be proper. For, in such case, all of the jury could unite in a verdict that the offense was committed and find the defendant guilty, though they might not agree as to which of the two persons the sale was made to.

¶5But where the State marks out, prima facie, two cases, one a sale to Craft and the other a sale to Ranes, and the defendant makgs a case contradicting both, then the entire jury must find that one or both these sales were made, and an instruction for the State must not be so worded, that less than the entire jury will be authorized to return a general verdict of guilty simply because they all believe he committed one or the other of the two offenses, but cannot agree as to which.

¶6The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.

All concur.
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