Howard v. Lebby’s Empirical Analysis
1923
Citation profile
19 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 19 later decisions — most recently April 1950
19 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hager v. Walker · Tolliver v. Blizzard · Baskett v. Jones · Metropolitan Life Ins. v. City of Paris · Weyman v. City of Newport
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The test is, what was the intention of the enacting authority? If the license is authorized under the police power and may be granted or withheld by the municipality in the interest of the public health, morals or welfare, then a contract made by one who has not procured a license is void, because as to him the pursuing of the occupation is illegal; but if the tax is imposed as a revenue measure only, without restriction as to the kind or class of persons entitled to a license, and necessarily, therefore, without relation to the public health, morals or welfare, the infraction of the' ordinance consists, not in pursuing the occupation,- but in failing to pay the license fee before pursuing it. ’ ’”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.