¶1(1, 2) It is well settled that persons using a public street have a right to presume, and to act on the presumption, that the way is reasonably safe for ordinary travel, whether by day or night.—13 R. C. L. 472; Birmingham v. Tay-*150loe, 105 Ala. 170, 16 South. 576; Montgomery v. Reese, 146 Ala. 410, 40 South. 760. But “generally speaking the rule does not apply if the traveler knows of the defect or obstruction in the highway, or has reason to believe that it exists.” — 13 R. C. L. 475. In such a case, although he may not be bound to refrain from using the highway, yet, if he does so, he must exercise ordinary care to avoid injury.—Birmingham v. Tayloe, 105 Ala. 170, 16 South. 576; City of Montgomery v. Ross, 195 Ala. 362, 70 South. 634; 13 R. C. L. 475.
¶2The gravamen of the complaint is that defendants made an excavation at a street crossing and allowed it to remain open at night without lights or other safeguards such as are usual and proper.
¶3Defendant’s fifth plea, after averring that the excavation was made under municipal authority for street improvements, further avers that: “Plaintiff knew that defendants had thus been and were then engaged in making said excavation, and knew of the danger of stepping or falling into said excavation, yet he approached said portion of said street in the nighttime and stepped or fell into said excavation, without first exercising reasonable diligence to ascertain whether said street or excavation had been excavated at the point into which he stepped or fell, or the exact location of said excavation, and as a proximate consequence,” etc.
¶4If, as the plea avers, plaintiff knew of this particular excavation, and of the danger of stepping into it in passing by, it was clearly his duty to exercise reasonable diligence to avoid it; and this he could do only by observing its exact location before he attempted to pass.
¶5(3) Conceding, however, that the plea does not invoke with technical precision the complete rule of duty which the law casts upon a traveler who has notice of the presence of a dangerous excavation, nevertheless, the oral charge of the trial judge very clearly and correctly presents that duty to the jury as the decisive issue, viz., whether or not plaintiff did that which a reasonably prudent person wouldn’t do, in view of all the facts and circumstances,” and, again, whether he exercised “that diligence which a reasonable, prudent person would exercise under the circumstances detailed in evidence in this case, or was he injured in consequence of these defendants not having proper safeguards there.”
¶6*151(4) Without, therefore, decided whether the plea was subject to any of the. grounds of demurrer assigned, we are constrained to an affirmance of the judgment because the error, if error there was in overruling the demurrer, did not affect the true issues of the case, and was not prejudicial to plaintiff. — Sup. Ct. rule 45 (61 South, ix).