United States of America v. Veronica Eustaquio’s Empirical Analysis
198 F.3d 1068 · 1999
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 5 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 30 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably United States v. Jones (2001), United States v. Yousif (2002)
12 federal appellate · 5 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Sokolow · United States v. Ortiz · United States v. Bloomfield · United States v. Campbell
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Too many people fit this description for it to justify a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) defendant’s exhibiting nervous movement and a straight-ahead gaze; (2) defendant’s choice of a direct path to leave the terminal; (3) defendant's not having any checked luggage; (4) defendant's arrival from a source city for narcotics trafficking; (5) defendant’s same-day purchase of a one-way airline ticket with cash; ... (6) the fact that there were no friends and family meeting defendant at the airport____ (7) defendant’s doing the opposite of what Lutter asked, and pulling her shirt outward instead of toward her body; and (8) any bulge that Lutter might have seen.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“In Tovar-Valdivia, even after the officer felt a bulge and determined it was not a part of the defendant's anatomy, we held the officer did not have probable cause to arrest.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.