Long v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
199 F.2d 717 · 1952
Citation profile
25 federal appellate · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 39 later decisions — most recently July 2020 · most notably McIntyre v. Ramirez (2003), United States v. Camp (1976)
25 federal appellate · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 111 (Federal Judiciary Protection Act of 2002)
Relies on Porto Rico Ry Light Power Co v. Mor · District of Columbia v. Little · Sparks v. United States · Ochoa v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"In the statute under which appellant here was indicted ... Congress has not left the matter in doubt but has specifically prescribed the use of force as an essential element of the crime, saying 'Whoever forcibly assaults, resists, opposes, impedes, intimidates, or interferes with,' ete. [Italics supplied.] The use of the adverb 'forcibly' before the first of the string of verbs, with the disjunctive conjunction used only between the last two of them, shows quite plainly that the adverb is to be interpreted as modifying them all." Long v. U.S. (4th Cir.1952), 199 F.2d 717, 719 . See also U.S. v. Camp (8th Cir.1976), 541 F.2d 737 (a showing of force is required to establish a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 111 ).”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Assaulting, resisting, or impeding certain officers or employees. Whoever forcibly assaults, resists, opposes, impedes, intimidates, or interferes with any person designated in section 1114 of this title while engaged in or on account of the performance of his official duties, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““The use of the adverb ‘forcibly’ before the first of the string of verbs, with the disjunctive conjunction used only between the last two of them, shows quite plainly that the adverb is to be interpreted as modifying them all. (Citations omitted) Not only is this required by the ordinary rules of grammatical construction, but it would be absurd to limit the modifying effect of ‘forcibly’ to the word ‘assaults’, since this is the only one of the succeeding verbs in which the use or threat of force is necessarily implied and as to which the use of the adverb adds nothing. It should be noted also that section 111 is one of the sections under chapter 7 of the Criminal Code headed ‘Assault’ and that the other sections of the chapter relate to assaults upon public ministers, and assaults and maimings within maritime and territorial jurisdiction. Such grouping of the section with others defining crimes in which force is a necessary element is not without significance. Noscitur a sociis.” Long v. United States, 199 F.2d 717, 719 (4th Cir.1952).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.