2 Cal. 4th 86 - People v. Hardy’s Empirical Analysis
1992
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 299 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 330 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2019 · most notably Tuilaepa v. California (1994), 10 Cal. 4th 764 - People v. Stanley (1995)
23 federal appellate · 299 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1915 · 28 U.S.C. § 753
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Chapman v. State of California · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Griffin v. California · Cuyler v. Sullivan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 330 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) a concealment of purpose, (2) a substantial period of watching and waiting for an opportune time to act, and (3) immediately thereafter, a surprise attack on an unsuspecting victim from a position of advantage.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“Once independent proof of a conspiracy has been shown, three preliminary facts must be established: '(1) that the declarant was participating in a conspiracy at the time of the declaration; (2) that the declaration was in furtherance of the objective of that conspiracy; and (3) that at the time of the declaration the party against whom the evidence is offered was participating or would later participate in the conspiracy.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“`Under Witt , therefore, our duty is to "examine the context surrounding [the juror's] exclusion to determine whether the trial court's decision that [the juror's] beliefs would `substantially impair the performance of his duties ...' was fairly supported by the record.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.