MYERS
V. OALLAGHAN.
441
became a serious question whether the penalty prescribed by section 5485 of the Revised Statutes was applicable to a violation of the act of June 20, 1878, and the decisions of the courts were conflicting. U. S. v. Mason, 8 FED. REP. 412; U. S. v. Dowdell, ld. 881. It is quite certain that, in order to remove all doubt and settle the law with respect to this disputed point, congress passed the act of March 3, 1881. After a careful consideration of the whole legislation upon this Bubject, and having regard to that canon of interpretation which requires a penal statute to be construed strictly, I have reached the conclusion that judgment must be entered upon the demurrer in favor of the defendant; and it is so ordered.
V. CALLAGHAN
and others.
(C'ircuit Court, N. D. illinois. December 7, 1883.) 1. , CoPYRIGHT-INFRINGEMENT-STATE REPORTER-AFFIUMANCE Oll' DECISION.
The court affirms its prior decision,-First, that, in the absence of express legislation to the contrary, a state reporter is entitled to copyright his volumes of reports to the extent that the same consist of the work of his own mind, notwithstanding he may not have 8 copyright in the opinions of the court; second, the copyright law is to be liberally construed that effect may be given to what is to be considered the inherent right of the author to his own work. The court finds an iufringement on the copyt'ij:\'ht held by complainant, covering volumes 39 to 46, inclusive, of Illinois reports. In connection with other of infringement, the court will consider the arrangement of the books infringing the original edition, and such evidence will be entitled to weight, in judging of the fact of infringement.
2. 3.
SAME-INSTANCE.
SAME-ARRAKGEMENT OF LAW CASES AND PAGES.
In Equity. Opinion on supplemental bill. For original, see 5 FED. REP. 726. John V. Le Moyne, and Geo. W. Oothran, for complainant. Jas. L. High, for defendants. .. DRUMMOND, J. The views of the court upon one part of this case are to be found in 10 Biss. 139, 5 FED. REP. 726. The present inquiry is limited to what is alleged to be an infringement by the defendants of volumes 39 to 46, inclusive, of Mr. Freeman's Illinois Reports. Volume 40 seems never to have been regularly published like the other volumes, although the evidence of the infringement of the plaintiff's copyright in that volume is perhaps stronger than that applicable to any other of the volumes named. Upon comparing pal·ta of each of the volumes, those of the complainant and of the defendants, one with the other, I think there can be no doubt that in some respects, in each case, the Freeman volume has been used by the defendants in the head-notes, the statement of facts, and the arguments
FEDERAL REPORTER·.
of counsel. That is, there are certain unmistakable indicia that in every volume prepared by the defendants they have not confined themselves solely to the original sources of information, namely, the opinions of the judges, the records, and the arguments of counsel. But while this is technically true, it is only true to a limited extent. The great bulk of what may be termed copyright matter, in each volume of the defendants, seems to be made up independent of the corresponding volume of the plaintiff, and in very many of the instances, where a similarity can clearly be traced, and the use of the materials of the plaintiff's volume distinctly made out, the similarity is trivial and unimportant, and such as I should feel extremely reluctant to hold worked a forfeiture of the whole edition. It would. seem to me, while holding there is technically an infringement of the copyright of the plaintiff, the fairest view to take of the whole subject would be to require what might be termed a small royalty, such as the defendants could afford, to be paid to the plaintiff for the sale of the volumes named. The fact appears to be, and indeed it is not a subject of controversy, that in arranging the order of cases, and in the paging of the different volumes,the Freeman edition has been followed by the defendants; but, while this is so, I should not feel inclined, merely on that account and independent of other matters, to give a decree to the plaintiff, although it is claimed that the arrangement of the cases and the paging of the volumes are protected by a copyright. Undoubtedly in some cases, where are involved labor, talent, judgment, the classification and disposition of subjects in a book entitle it to a copyright. But the arrangement of law cases and the paging of the book may depend simply on the will of the printer, of the reporter, or publisher, or the order in which the cases have been decided, or upon other accidental circumstances. Here the object on the part of the defend. ants seems to have beel) that there should not be confusion in the references and examination of cases; but the arrangement of cases and the paging of the volumes is a lab0r inconsiderable in itself, and I regard it, not as an independent matter, but in connection with other similarities existing between the two editions, when I say, taking the whole together, the Freeman volumes have been used in editing and publishing the defendants' volumes. It should be borne in mind that, as a general thing, there is but a small part of the report of a case which is the subject of copyright. Many of the cases contain uothing but the opinions of the court, with the simple remark that the facts are stated in the opinion; and the head-notes are nothing more than a repetition, in a condensed form, of what is in the opinion, and therefore it is often very difficult to select distinct points of comparison .between the same case in the corresponding volumes of the parties, because there is so little which can be called the work of the reporter. .
THE GUADALUPB.
4:4:3
THE GUADALUPE. I
(District Oourt, D. TeaJila. April, 1884.) ADMIRAL'ry-SALVAGE-RULE FOR ESTIMATING.
In making up its judgment in an action for salvage, claimed for relieving a grounded vessel, the court inquires into whether or not the tugs employed performed only ordinary towage service; and, estimating the salvage earned, if any, considers how much danger and risk the plaintiffs incurred, the meritorious nature of their services, and the gallantry displayed.
BOARMAN, J. 1'he Guadalupe, an iron steamer of the Mallory line, of 2,190 tonnage, almost new, with powerful machinery, valued at $300,000, with a cargo and freight charges valued at $345,000, on the twenty-fourth of September, 1883, at 4: 30 o'r 5 o'clock, A. M., ran aground on the sand beach at Bolivar peninsula, out at soa, about 15 miles from Galveston bay. The steamer, in an overcast and foggy night, while running head on to the shore, at flood.tide, with wind blowing from the shore, firmly lodged herself on the ground, between 300 and 400 yards from the tide limit. I add an extract from the ship's log-book "Sounding frequently. At 4:45 A. M. weather overcast and foggy on the horizon. Ship st.opped and aground in 11 to 12 feet water; soft mud. Got anchor out and tried all possible means to get off. 10:30 P. M., got off with assistance of three tugs."
McLemore ct Campbell, for libelants. Ballinger, Mott ct Terry and Hume ct Shepard, for respondents.
In Admiralty.
The ship's draught then was 12 feet 2 inches at the stem and 14 feet aft. Soundings made, as the captain says, jnst after the ship grounded, showed 10 feet water at the bow and 13 feet aft of the house and 14 feet at the stern. When the tide ebbed he said there was less than 10 feet at the stern. Going towards the shore the water seemed to shoal about 1 foot to every 100 feet. From the captain's evidence it clearly appears to me that the ship at low tide must have been lying on ground from stem to stern, and, I think, consid· ering the draught of the vessel, his testimony will warrant the opinion that even at flood-tide she was lying from one end to the other on the ground. Whether such a conclusion may be justly drawn from what he says as to the soundings, the belief that the fulllengtq of the ship was on the ground at highest tide is fully sustained bj the physical conditions and surroundings, supplemented as they are by the evidence of the ship'S engineer and the several officers of the salving tugs. None of the ship's officers say anything definitely as to the -rate of speed she was running when she grounded or when the slow-bell was sounded. But, whatever may have been her speed at that time, it 1 We are indebted to Talbot Stillman, Esq., of the Monroe. Louisiana, Oar, for this
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