Hughes v. Brown’s Empirical Analysis
20 F.3d 745 · 1994
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 81 later decisions — most recently December 2014 · most notably Johnson v. City of Fort Wayne (1996), Gordon v. United Airlines, Inc. (2001)
21 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins · Palucki v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 81 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) Defendant's explanation had no basis in fact, or (2) the explanation was not the 'real' reason, or (3) ... the reason stated was insufficient to warrant the [adverse job action].”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) he belongs to some protected class, (2) he performed his job satisfactorily, (3) he suffered an adverse employment action, and (4) his employer treated similarly-situated employees outside his classification more favorably.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“focus on the specific reasons advanced by the defendant[s].”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.