Hawkins v. Commissioner’s Empirical Analysis
1953
Citation profile
How this case has been cited
Cited by 13 later decisions — most recently April 1998
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Welch v. Helvering · Coleman v. Commissioner
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“An expense, to be deductible . . ., must be both ordinary and necessary, and for one business to voluntarily pay the expenses of another is not an expenditure ordinary in character. (Emphasis supplied).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.