20 U.S.C. § 1686
Section 1686 · Interpretation with respect to living facilities
This is the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 19 court decisions — leading case Bostock v. Clayton County (2020)
Most recently applied in Roe v. Critchfield (March 2025)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this chapter, nothing contained herein shall be construed to prohibit any educational institution receiving funds under this Act, from maintaining separate living facilities for the different sexes.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title IX of Pub. L. 92 318 which enacted this chapter and amended sections 203 and 213 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 2000c, 2000c 6, 2000c 9, and 2000h 2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Tables.
This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 92 318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235, as amended, known as the Education Amendments of 1972. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.