[This opinion has been published in Ohio Official Reports at
88 Ohio St.3d 441.]
WILLIAMS, APPELLEE, v. WILLIAMS, APPELLANT.
[Cite as Williams v. Williams, 2000-Ohio-375.]
Parent and child—Child support—Disabled parent entitled to a full credit in his
or her child support obligation for Social Security payments received by
minor child due to the parent’s disability.
A disabled parent is entitled to a full credit in his or her child support obligation for
Social Security payments received by a minor child due to the parent’s
disability.
(Nos. 99-934 and 99-1095—Submitted February 9, 2000—Decided May 17,
2000.)
APPEAL from and CERTIFIED by the Court of Appeals for Warren County, No.
CA98-09-114.
__________________
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Charles Williams, and plaintiff-appellee,
Patricia Williams, n.k.a. Lundy, were divorced in 1984. Appellee was awarded
custody of their three children and appellant was ordered to pay child support.
Appellant was later found to be disabled by the Social Security Administration,
effective on or about October 15, 1995. Appellant was granted disability benefits
in the amount of $670 per month, or $8,040 annually. By this time, only one child,
Jessica, still lived with appellee. Social Security payments were made to appellee
on Jessica’s behalf in the amount of $167 per month, or $2,004 annually.
{¶ 2} In response to appellant’s 1997 motion for modification of child
support, the trial court ordered appellant to pay child support for Jessica in the
amount of $112.17 per month.1 In January 1998, appellant moved to terminate his
1. Jessica has turned eighteen during the pendency of this appeal. Consequently, this decision
affects appellant’s child support obligations before she reached the age of majority.
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
child support obligations. He argued that he was entitled to a full credit for the
amount of Social Security benefits received by appellee on Jessica’s behalf. Since
appellee was already receiving $167 per month in Social Security benefits for
Jessica, stemming from his disability, appellant maintained that he was not
responsible to pay any additional monies for child support.
{¶ 3} The matter was heard by a magistrate. Based upon the decision of
Fruchtnicht v. Fruchtnicht (1997), 122 Ohio App.3d 492,
702 N.E.2d 145, the
magistrate rejected appellant’s position that he was entitled to a full credit for the
Social Security payments made to appellee on his daughter’s behalf. Instead, the
magistrate looked at the joint support obligations of the parties and deducted the
child’s Social Security payments from the combined support obligation. Using this
method, the magistrate reduced appellant’s obligation but found that appellant still
owed child support in the amount of $50.08 per month.2
{¶ 4} Appellant filed objections to the magistrate’s report. However, the
trial court overruled the objections, and adopted the magistrate’s report. The court
of appeals affirmed. Finding that its decision was in conflict with the decisions of
the Seventh Appellate District in Stephenson v. Stephenson (Mar. 18, 1996),
Mahoning App. No. 94 C.A. 67, unreported, 1996 WL 133000, and the Second
Appellate District in McClure v. McClure (Sept. 27, 1996), Greene App. No. 95-
CA-86, unreported,
1996 WL 562793, the Twelfth District Court of Appeals
entered an order certifying a conflict. The cause is now before this court upon the
allowance of a discretionary appeal and our determination that a conflict exists.
__________________
Thomas G. Eagle Co., L.P.A., and Thomas G. Eagle, for appellee.
2. In particular, the magistrate found that the combined annual child support obligation of the parties
was $4,934, with appellant’s obligation being 20.5 percent of the total amount or $1,011. Since
appellee received annual Social Security benefits for Jessica in the amount of $2,004, the magistrate
then reduced appellant’s annual obligation by 20.5 percent of $2,004, or $410. The magistrate found
that appellant’s child support obligation was $601 per year or $50.08 per month.
2
January Term, 2000
Gary A. McGee, for appellant.
__________________
FRANCIS E. SWEENEY, SR., J.
{¶ 5} The issue certified for our review is: “Should a disabled parent’s child
support obligation be directly set off by Social Security payments received on
behalf of a minor child, or should the joint child support obligation of both parties
be reduced by the amount of the Social Security payments?”
{¶ 6} The appellate courts that have considered this issue have divergent
views on whether an obligor disabled parent should receive credit against the child
support obligation where the obligee parent receives Social Security payments on
the child’s behalf as a result of the obligor parent’s disability.
{¶ 7} Those courts that allow such a credit recognize that the underlying
intent behind Social Security payments to a child is to provide support that the
disabled parent is unable to provide. Thus, Social Security benefits are
characterized as a substitute for the disabled parent’s earnings rather than gratuities
from the federal government. See Pride v. Nolan (1987), 31 Ohio App.3d 261, 263,
31 OBR 546, 548,
511 N.E.2d 408, 411; Stephenson v. Stephenson (Mar. 18, 1996),
Mahoning App. No. 94 C.A. 67, unreported,
1996 WL 133000; McClure v.
McClure (Sept. 27, 1996), Greene App. No. 95-CA-86, unreported,
1996 WL
562793; Cervone v. Cervone (Jan. 11, 2000), Mahoning App. No. 98 C.A. 99,
unreported,
2000 WL 126583.
{¶ 8} By recognizing that Social Security benefits are not gratuities from
the federal government, but are earned by the disabled parent, these courts realize
that unlike welfare and other forms of public assistance, Social Security benefits
represent contributions that a worker has made throughout the course of
employment; in this sense, benefits represent earnings in much the same way as do
benefits paid by an insurance company. Carpenter v. Reis (1996), 109 Ohio App.3d
499, 505,
672 N.E.2d 702, 706, citing Miller v. Miller (Alaska 1995),
890 P.2d 574,
3
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
576-577. Consequently, since the Social Security payments are deemed income of
the disabled parent that enure to the sole benefit of the child, these courts allow that
parent to receive a credit against his or her support obligations.
{¶ 9} The other position, which the court of appeals in this case followed,
is that an obligor disabled parent is not entitled to a full credit for the amount of
Social Security benefits his or her child receives. Instead, the Social Security
benefits are deducted from the combined child support obligation of both parents
and the remainder of the joint obligation is apportioned between the parents
according to their respective shares under the Child Support Guidelines.
Fruchtnicht v. Fruchtnicht (1997), 122 Ohio App.3d 492, 496,
702 N.E.2d 145,
147-148. See, also, In re Ehritz (June 8, 1998), Butler App. No. CA97-10-193,
unreported,
1998 WL 295550; Previte v. Previte (1994),
99 Ohio App.3d 347,
650
N.E.2d 919; Slowbe v. Slowbe (Dec. 7, 1995), Cuyahoga App. No. 68739,
unreported,
1995 WL 723333; Barnett v. Hanson (Oct. 31, 1997), Erie App. E-97-
050, unreported,
1997 WL 679630.
{¶ 10} The rationale behind this line of cases is that “it is unreasonable to
permit one parent to receive a windfall and be totally relieved of the child support
obligation which would otherwise be allocated to that parent by the Child Support
Guidelines solely because of the Social Security benefit payments to or for the
benefit of the minor child.” McNeal v. Cofield (1992), 78 Ohio App.3d 35, 41,
603
N.E.2d 436, 439-440. Thus, these courts refuse to grant a full credit to the disabled
parent on the ground that it is in the best interest of the child for the benefits to
enure to the child rather than to the sole benefit of one parent.
Id. at 38-39,
603
N.E.2d at 438.
{¶ 11} We have found that “[t]he overwhelming majority of states that have
considered this issue allow a credit for Social Security benefits paid to dependent
children.” Pontbriand v. Pontbriand (R.I.1993), 622 A.2d 482, 484. See, also,
Annotation, Right to Credit on Child Support Payments for Social Security or Other
4
January Term, 2000
Government Dependency Payments Made for Benefit of Child (1995), 34 A.L.R.
5th 447. We believe that this is the more equitable result. Therefore, we join those
jurisdictions that permit a disabled parent’s child support obligation to be directly
set off by Social Security payments received on behalf of the minor child.
{¶ 12} In so doing, we reject the reasoning espoused by the court of appeals
and the arguments made by appellee. Contrary to appellee’s position, the Social
Security payments made on the child’s behalf are not mere gratuities from the
federal government, nor do they constitute earnings by the child under R.C.
3113.215(B)(3)(f). Instead, the payments arise simply because the obligor has paid
into the Social Security system and was found to be disabled. As stated by the
Supreme Court of Alaska in Miller v. Miller (1995), 890 P.2d 574, 576: “[T]he
employee, who throughout his working life has contributed part of the premiums in
the form of deductions from his wages or salary, should be deemed to have a vested
right to the payments prescribed by the statutory scheme, which in effect comprises
the terms of the insurance policy. He has earned the benefits; he is not receiving a
gift.” We agree with this rationale and find that Social Security payments are
tantamount to earnings by the disabled parent.
{¶ 13} Furthermore, it is illogical to suggest that the granting of a credit will
result in a windfall to the obligor and will penalize the child by providing that child
with less money for his or her support. In essence, “a credit for … Social Security
benefits does not retroactively modify the disabled parent’s monthly child support
obligation; it merely changes the source of the payments.” In re Marriage of
Cowan (1996), 279 Mont. 491, 500,
928 P.2d 214, 220. Therefore, where the
disabled parent has no other source of income due to his or her disability, the receipt
of Social Security payments actually ensures that the obligor’s child support
obligation will be at least satisfied.
{¶ 14} Consequently, we hold that a disabled parent is entitled to a full
credit in his or her child support obligation for Social Security payments received
5
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
by a minor child. Accordingly, appellant’s child support obligation shall be set off
by those Social Security payments received on Jessica’s behalf. Since the amount
of Social Security payments Jessica received exceeds what appellant owed, the trial
court shall enter judgment reflecting that no child support is owed from the time
she first received the Social Security benefits.
{¶ 15} We reverse the judgment of the court of appeals and remand the
cause to the trial court to apply the credit for Social Security payments made to the
child and to terminate appellant’s past child support obligation.
Judgment reversed
and cause remanded.
MOYER, C.J., RESNICK, PFEIFER and LUNDBERG STRATTON, JJ., concur.
DOUGLAS and COOK, JJ., dissent.
__________________
COOK, J., dissenting.
{¶ 16} I would affirm the judgment of the court of appeals, because I agree
with the rationale articulated in McNeal v. Cofield (1992), 78 Ohio App.3d 35,
603
N.E.2d 436.
{¶ 17} The majority suggests that the father’s “vested right” to his accrued
disability benefits supports what it considers to be a more “equitable result”—that
the child’s receipt of benefits from the federal government substitutes for the
father’s support obligation. But the equity the majority attributes to this scenario
seems undue. I would find the majority’s thesis more persuasive if disability
benefits were a “zero-sum game” in which the child’s receipt of disability payments
resulted in a corresponding loss of earned benefits on the part of the disabled parent.
But the disability benefits received by a minor child do not affect the disabled
parent’s vested right to his or her own disability payments. See McNeal, supra,78
Ohio App.3d at 38,
603 N.E.2d at 437 (where the parties stipulated to this fact as a
matter of federal law); Section 402(d), Title 42, U.S.Code; see, also, Dilley v. Secy.
6
January Term, 2000
of Health, Edn. & Welfare (Mar. 26, 1973), D.N.J. No. 1520-71, unreported, 1973
WL 3877 (“[t]he obvious purpose of section 402[d], then, is to allow a statutory
increase in total benefit payments paid to the family based on the additional cost
of supporting dependent children” [emphasis added]).
{¶ 18} The majority cites an American Law Reports annotation to support
its conclusion that most states allow “a credit” for Social Security benefits paid to
dependent children. But the same annotation cautions that states differ regarding
the extent of the credit allowed.3 The annotation also notes, “If allowance of such
a credit produces an untoward result, these courts frequently reason, the custodial
parent can seek a modification of the support order. … [E]ven some courts which
hold that a credit is generally allowed for social security dependent benefits qualify
their holdings by saying that a credit will not be available if the result is clearly
inequitable.”4 The annotation’s collected cases, therefore, are but qualified support
for the majority’s broad syllabus holding that a “full credit” for the disability
benefits received by the child is the best approach.
{¶ 19} I prefer the McNeal court’s analysis, advocated by the appellee here.
Since the Social Security disability benefits are a financial resource to the child,
and since R.C. 3113.215(B)(7) requires the trial court to consider the resources of
the child when fixing or deviating from the guideline-determined child support
amount, the trial court should use the child’s Social Security income to adjust the
threshold determination about child support need. See McNeal, supra,78 Ohio
App.3d at 39-41,
603 N.E.2d at 438-440. In this way, disability payments for the
benefit of the child are considered in connection with the support payments required
of the parent whose disability triggered the benefit to the child. But that parent
3. Annotation, Right to Credit on Child Support Payments for Social Security or Other Government
Dependency Payments Made for Benefit of Child (1995, 1999 Supp.),
34 A.L.R. 5th 447, Section
3.5.
4.
Id. at 464, Section 2[a].
7
SUPREME COURT OF OHIO
would not be relieved entirely of the obligation to support the child. The amount
of income that the child receives as a benefit from the federal government would
be factored into the need calculation and then both parents would contribute to the
child’s support in the amounts dictated by the guidelines. This approach ensures
that the payment of disability benefits by the federal government will enure to the
benefit of the child, rather than to the sole benefit of either parent, thus favoring
this court’s view that “the overriding concern of the law is ‘the best interest of the
child’ for whom support is being awarded.” Marker v. Grimm (1992), 65 Ohio
St.3d 139, 141,
601 N.E.2d 496, 498.
DOUGLAS, J., concurs in the foregoing dissenting opinion.
__________________
8
