State v. Ballard’s Empirical Analysis
2000
Citation profile
31 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 31 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably State v. Williams (2002), State v. Akuba (2004)
31 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Florida v. Royer · Ornelas v. United States · United States v. Place · United States v. Bloomfield
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[W]e are concerned with the dubious message we send to law enforcement officers and the public if we validate a procedure allowing officers to falsely tell traffic offenders they are free to go, only for the purpose of eliciting their uncoerced agreement to search their automobiles.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. DeLaRosa · State v. Wilson“The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article VI § 11 of the South Dakota Constitution protect the “right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures ....” As a rule, this protection has been interpreted as holding “a seizure of personal property ... per se unreasonable ... unless it is accomplished pursuant to a judicial warrant issued upon probable cause.... ” United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696, 701 , 103 S.Ct. 2637, 2641 , 77 L.Ed.2d 110 (1983). In Terry v. Ohio, however, the United States Supreme Court recognized “the narrow authority of police officers who suspect criminal activity to make limited intrusions on an individual’s personal security based on less than probable cause.” Id. at 702 , 103 S.Ct. at 2642 , 77 L.Ed.2d at 117 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Labine · State v. Haar“[W]e do not presume to prescribe in the abstract the scope of questioning, investigative techniques, or the length of permissible detention that may be undertaken following a valid traffic stop. The bounds of existing caselaw are clear, if fact-intensive: a traffic detention may last as long as is reasonably necessary to effectuate the purpose of the stop, including the resolution of reasonable suspicion, supported by articulable facts within the officer’s professional judgment, that emerges during the stop.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.