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2003 OK CR 11

Lambert v. State

Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma

Decided May 29, 2003

Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma · decided 2003-05-29

Cited by 20 later decisions — most recently January 2016

3 federal appellate · 16 state decisions

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“the jury should not hear evidence of the crimes for which [the defendant] was convicted, unless particular facts of the case are relevant to the issue of mental retardation. Any such evidence should be narrowly confined to that issue”

quoted by 2 later decisions, including Ochoa v. Workman, Smith v. State

“You are advised that a person is “mentally retarded” if he or she functions at a significantly sub-average intellectual level that substantially limits his or her ability to understand and process information, to communicate, to learn from experience or mistakes, to engage in logical reasoning, to control impulses, and to understand the reaction of others. Intelligence quotients are one of the many factors that may be considered, but are not alone determinative. In reaching your decision, you must determine: 1. Is the Defendant a person who is mentally retarded as defined in this instruction? 2. Was the mental retardation present and known before the Defendant was eighteen (18) years of age? 3. Does the Defendant have significant limitations in adaptive functions in at least two of the following skill areas: communication; self care; social/interpersonal skills; home living; self-direction; academics; health and safety; use of community resources; and work? questions is no, you must so indicate on your verdict form.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 693 F. Supp. 2d 1280 - Hooks v. Workman

Relies on Atkins v. Virginia · Romano v. Oklahoma · City of Los Angeles v. Department of Transportation

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 2003-05-29

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1*31ORDER GRANTING POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AND REMANDING TO THE DISTRICT COURT OF CREEK COUNTY FOR A JURY DETERMINATION ON THE ISSUE OF MENTAL RETARDATION

¶2¶ 1 Robert Wayne Lambert was tried by jury, convicted of two counts of first degree murder, and received two sentences of death. This Court affirmed Lambert’s convictions for murder, and the United States Supreme Court denied certiorari.1 This Court affirmed the denial of Lambert’s first Application for Post-Conviction Relief.2 Lambert’s application for federal habeas corpus relief is pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma.3 On October 31, 2002, Lambert filed a Successor Application for Post-Conviction Relief in a Death Penalty Case, and a Request for Evi-dentiary Hearing on the issues of mental retardation and second-stage jury instructions. This Court remanded Lambert’s case for an evidentiary hearing on the issue of mental retardation on November 15, 2002.4 On December 13, 2002, we held the evidentia-ry hearing in abeyance and directed the State to respond to Lambert’s Successor Application. The State’s response was filed March 10, 2003.

¶3¶ 2 Lambert’s Atkins 5 claim of mental retardation must be resolved pursuant to the definition of mental retardation as set forth in Murphy v. State.6For capital purposes, a mentally retarded person is one with significantly limited ability to intellectually and adaptively function in enumerated areas, who has at least one IQ test score of 70 or below, and in whom the retardation manifested itself before age 18.7 Lambert has raised sufficient evidence to create a question of fact on the issue of mental retardation. In accordance with Murphy, we remand this case for a jury determination on the question of mental retardation.8

¶4¶ 3 The proceeding on remand is solely devoted to the question of Lambert’s mental retardation. Both parties may call witnesses and present evidence bearing on mental retardation. Lambert’s criminal conviction and death sentence are not relevant to this issue. The jury should not hear evidence of the crimes for which Lambert was convicted, unless particular facts of the case are relevant to the issue of mental retardation. Any such evidence should be narrowly confined to that issue.9 The jury should not hear evidence in aggravation or mitigation of the murders for which Lambert was convicted, or any victim impact evidence. The only issue is whether Lambert meets the Murphy definition for mental retardation. The jury shall be convened to discover whether Lambert can show it is more likely than not that he is mentally retarded.

¶5¶ 4 As the Legislature has not addressed procedures for post-conviction determination of mental retardation on remand, we set forth procedures to be used in these proceedings. The hearing shall be conducted after complete discovery is afforded both parties under the Oklahoma Criminal Discovery Code.10 The District Court shall empanel *32a jury of twelve persons, granting each party nine peremptory challenges.11 As Lambert has the burden of proof, he shall open his case first, present evidence first, and have the opportunity to present the first and last closing arguments.12 Each party may have Lambert examined by an expert, and may present that expert testimony in support of the claim that Lambert is or is not mentally retarded by a preponderance of the evidence. The jury shall be instructed using a modified version of the jury instruction provided in Murphy.13If the jury finds Lambert has shown he is mentally retarded by a preponderance of the evidence, it shall indicate that finding on a verdict form.14

¶6¶ 5 The jury’s finding will determine the validity of Lambert’s capital sentence. If jurors determine Lambert is not mentally retarded, his death sentence will stand. If jurors determine Lambert' is mentally retarded, the death sentence cannot stand. The trial court will resentence Lambert to life imprisonment without parole. If there is no unanimous verdict either finding or rejecting mental retardation, the trial court will resentence Lambert to life imprisonment without parole. This is in keeping with the low burden of proof; on a question of this constitutional magnitude, if jurors cannot agree on whether it is more likely than not that Lambert is retarded, Lambert will receive the benefit of that doubt. After the conclusion of the jury proceeding, if the trial court determines that the jury’s factual determination was imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice, or any other arbitrary factor, and the trial court finds that, despite an improperly influenced jury determination otherwise, Lambert has shown he was mentally retarded by a preponderance of the evidence, the trial court shall include that conclusion in the findings of fact and conclusions of law to be filed with this Court.15

¶7¶ 6 The case is REMANDED to the District Court of Creek County for a jury hearing on the issue of mental retardation, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Order. The hearing shall be held within one hundred twenty (120) days of this Order. The trial court shall file findings of fact and conclusions of law, including the jury’s determination and any sentencing disposition, in this Court forty-five (45) days from the conclusion of the jury proceeding.16

¶8¶ 7 IT IS SO ORDERED.

¶9¶ 8 WITNESS OUR HANDS AND THE SEAL OF THIS COURT this 29th day of May, 2003.

/s/ Charles A. Johnson CHARLES A. JOHNSON, Presiding Judge/s/ Steve Lile STEVE LILE, Vice Presiding Judge (concurring)/s/ Gary L. Lumpkin GARY L. LUMPKIN, Judge (concurs in results)

¶10. Lambert v.State, 1999 OK CR 17, 984 P.2d 221, cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1087, 120 S.Ct. 816, 145 L.Ed.2d 687 (2000).

¶11. Lambert v. State, No. PCD-1998-739 (Okl.Cr. February 10, 2000) (not for publication).

¶12. Lambert v. Mullin, No. 00-CV-0313 K (N.Dist.Okl.)

¶13. Lambert v. State, No. PCD-2002-794 (Okl.Cr. November 15, 2002) (not for publication).

¶14. Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 122 S.Ct. 2242, 153 L.Ed.2d 335 (2002) (holding it is unconstitutional to execute mentally retarded persons).

¶15.2002 OK CR 32, 54 P.3d 556.

¶16. Murphy, 54 P.3d at 567-68.

¶17. 22 O.S.2001, § 1089(D)(5).

¶18. If evidence bearing on mental retardation is available by transcript which was properly admitted in a previous proceeding, evidence of mental retardation may be presented by that transcript. See 21 O.S.2001, § 701.10a (4) (authorizing use of previously admitted evidence in capital resentencing trial).

¶19. 22 O.S.2001, § 2001 et seq.

¶20. Lambert has already been convicted of first degree murder, and the determination of mental retardation is not a finding of guilt or innocence. However, to ensure due process and simplicity of procedure, the capital defendant seeking a determination of mental retardation will be afforded the same protections he is given by statute on a charge of first degree murder. Okla. Const, art. II, § 19; 22 O.S.2001, § 655. Provided, however, that since there is no capital issue in the proceedings on remand, the jury shall not be death qualified in the mental retardation trial.

¶21. The Legislature has provided that the party with the burden of proof in a criminal case shall open, present evidence, and close in this order. 22 O.S.2001, § 831.

¶22. 54 P.3d at 570, "Appendix A”. Under these circumstances, where jurors are not asked to sentence Lambert but solely to determine the issue of mental retardation, the trial court should start the instruction with Paragraph 2, beginning "You are advised that a person is 'mentally retarded’. ...” In the fourth paragraph, beginning "If you find ...”, only the first and third sentences should be given, omitting the sentences concerning punishment. The fifth paragraph, defining preponderance of the evidence, should be read in its entirety.

¶23. This finding does not violate Oklahoma’s constitutional prohibition against special verdicts. Okla. Const, art. 7, § 15. A jury finding on the issue of mental retardation is not a verdict, which goes to a determination of the guilt or innocence of the accused. Romano v. State, 1993 OK CR 8, 847 P.2d 368, 385, aff'd, 512 U.S. 1, 114 S.Ct. 2004, 129 L.Ed.2d 1 (1994); 22 O.S.2001, § 914.

¶24. Murphy, 54 P.3d at 569.

¶25. 22 O.S.2001, § 1089(D)(6).

*33CHAPEL, J.,

¶26concurring.

¶27¶ 1 I agree with the Court’s resolution of this ease and the procedures to be used in the proceeding below in all respects, except one. I disagree with requiring the trial court to sentence Lambert to life without parole if he is found to be mentally retarded. I believe this violates Lambert’s rights to due process and equal protection of the law.1 If Lambert is mentally retarded and ineligible for execution, he should be sentenced according to the law governing non-capital first degree murder cases, which provides that he may receive either life imprisonment or life without parole.2 Oklahoma law provides that, on a remand for resentencing, a non-capital defendant has the right to request a jury for the new sentencing proceeding.3 I do not believe this Court can lawfully take away a defendant’s right to jury sentencing on remand.

¶28. U.S. Const., Amend. V, XIV; Okla. Const. Art. 2, § 7.

¶29. 21 O.S.2001, § 701.9. No evidence in aggravation or mitigation, or victim impact evidence should be considered. Malone v. State, 2002 OK CR 34, 58 P.3d 208, 210; Cooper v. State, 1995 OK CR 22, 894 P.2d 420, 422; 22 O.S.2001, § 984.1.

¶30.22 O.S.2001, § 929(B)(2)(resentencing in non-capital cases). A capital defendant also has the right to jury resentencing proceeding on remand. 21 O.S.2001, § 701.10a.

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