State v. Malone’s Empirical Analysis
2004
Citation profile
32 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently June 2021 · most notably State v. Duran (2005), State v. Moore (2007)
32 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Rakas v. Illinois · Whren v. United States · Berkemer v. McCarty · Sibron v. State of New York Peters
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Law enforcement action is to be judged against the standard of reasonableness, which in turn 'depends "on a balance between the public interest and the individual's right to personal security free from arbitrary interference by law officers.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[I]f during a valid traffic stop, an officer becomes aware of suspicious factors or additional information that would give rise to an objective, articulable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot, that officer need not terminate the encounter simply because further investigation is beyond the scope of the initial stop.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Gragg“The presence of seven or eight air fresheners in a vehicle occupied by three young men with an average age of 21 does not provide probable cause for the search of a vehicle, but it certainly raises suspicion and justifies reasonable inquiry.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Arceo-Rojas
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.