State v. Lange’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

26 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 26 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “The question of probable cause must be assessed on a case-by-case basis, looking at the totality of the circumstances. Probable cause is a 'flexible, common-sense measure of the plausibility of particular conclusions about human behavior.'”

   4 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 384 Wis. 2d 415 - State v. J.P. (In re J.P.) · 387 Wis. 2d 686 - State v. Curtis

2. “[p]robable cause to arrest . . . refers to that quantum of evidence within the arresting officer's knowledge at the time of 10 We note that the parties' arguments seem to assume that there was a hospital that was closer than ten miles from the location of the traffic stop in which to address Blatterman's emerging medical issues. 11 We do not address a circumstance wherein exigent circumstances would bear on the reasonableness of a defendant's transportation during a Terry stop. 14 No. 2013AP2107-CR the arrest that would lead a reasonable law enforcement officer to believe that the defendant was operating a motor vehicle [at a prohibited alcohol concentration].”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. David W. Howes · 384 Wis. 2d 271 - State v. Brown-Troop

3. “need not reach the level of proof beyond a reasonable doubt or even that guilt is more likely than not,”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 384 Wis. 2d 271 - State v. Brown-Troop · 387 Wis. 2d 686 - State v. Curtis