State v. Updegraff’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

12 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “(1) A private person may arrest another when there is probable cause to believe that the person is committing or has committed an offense and the existing circumstances require the person's immediate arrest. The private person may use reasonable force to detain the arrested person. (2) A private person making an arrest shall immediately notify the nearest available law enforcement agency or peace officer and give custody of the person arrested to the officer or agency.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. City of Helena v. Parsons · City of Missoula v. Iosefo

2. “when a citizen ... makes a stop or arrest, his or her authority to proceed ceases once a peace officer with jurisdiction arrives at the scene.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. City of Helena v. Parsons

3. “the normal processes and safeguards of the criminal justice system.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. City of Helena v. Parsons