[Cite as State v. Roberson,
2012-Ohio-1237.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
GREENE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
: Appellate Case No. 2010-CA-66
Plaintiff-Appellee :
: Trial Court Case No. 2009-CR-834
v. :
:
CORDERO D. ROBERSON : (Criminal Appeal from
: (Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
...........
DECISION AND ENTRY
Rendered on the 23rd day of March, 2012
...........
PER CURIAM:
{¶ 1} This appeal has been submitted on a brief filed by assigned counsel under the
authority of Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738,
87 S.Ct. 1396,
18 L.Ed.2d 493, (1967)
counsel not having found any potential assignments of error having arguable merit. We
conclude that there is one potential assignment of error – that the trial court erred in overruling
defendant-appellant Cordero Roberson’s motion to suppress – that is not so lacking in
arguable merit as to be wholly frivolous. Accordingly, the Anders brief filed on Roberson’s
behalf is rejected, and new appellate counsel will be assigned.
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I. The Suppression Hearing
{¶ 2} Fairborn police officers Shane Hartwell and Joseph Pence were dispatched to
1800 Ironwood Drive, in Fairborn, on a report of domestic violence by a man against a
woman. The report was that the man had threatened the woman with a firearm.
{¶ 3} Hartwell and Pence arrived at about the same time. By prior arrangement, the
alleged victim met them outside the residence. The victim, identified at the hearing only as
Ms. Austin, confirmed that a gun had been involved. She told the officers that Roberson,
who was staying with her at the time, was in the shower in the bathroom. She said that the
gun was either on his person, in the bathroom, or in one of two bags in the living room that
belonged to Roberson. She identified herself as a tenant of the apartment, and gave the
officers permission to enter and contact Roberson. For her safety, she remained outside the
apartment.
{¶ 4} The officers entered the apartment after failing to get a response from outside
the door. Both officers entered with their guns drawn. “Upon going inside the apartment,
we stood inside the front living room and multiple announcements were made for Mr.
Roberson to come out and speak with us.” Hartwell knocked on the bathroom door. The
officers could hear loud music coming from the bathroom, and the sound of the shower
running. Roberson did not emerge from the bathroom at this time.
{¶ 5} The officers determined that no one was in the living room or in an attached
kitchen. They did not look in the bedroom.
{¶ 6} The officers decided to check the bags, one of which was a book bag, and one
of which was a suitcase. The suitcase was open, but a flap was covering the contents.
Hartwell found a Colt .380 semiautomatic firearm wrapped inside a pair of men’s underwear,
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underneath the suitcase flap. Hartwell rendered the gun safe, making sure that it was not
loaded.
{¶ 7} Pence then knocked on the door to the bathroom, yelling for Roberson, who
finally emerged from the bathroom. Pence handcuffed Roberson and talked to him in the
kitchen, while Hartwell contacted dispatch to run the serial number on the gun. Hartwell was
told that the gun had been reported stolen. At about this time, Pence gave Roberson oral
warnings under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436,
86 S.Ct. 1602,
16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966).
{¶ 8} Hartwell explained his decision to search the bags for a weapon:
Q. Okay. When you searched that bag – why did you search the bag
looking for the gun?
A. Because we wanted to make sure that he didn’t have it on him and
was in the bathroom arming himself while we’re making our
announcements.
Q. Okay. So if you had searched the bag and not found the gun, what
would have been your assumption?
A. That he would have had the gun.
…
Q. The question was this, Officer Hartwell, if you had not found the
gun that the victim reported that the Defendant had pulled on her in that
bag, what would your fear have been? Let me put it that way.
A. That he would have had the gun on him and we would approach in
a totally different way.
{¶ 9} Pence explained the decision this way:
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Q. Why didn’t you just barge into the bathroom without
looking in the suitcase? Why didn’t you just go on in there?
A. If he had a weapon, going into a small bathroom like that would
have been – it would have been unsafe. It could have ended with us
being shot.
{¶ 10} On cross-examination, Hartwell was questioned about the need to search the
suitcase, considering that it was in the living room with them:
Q. Okay. So when you entered the apartment Miss Austin was outside and
you had your guns drawn, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. And you secured the living room, the kitchen, and all the area that you
could see, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. And the bag was sitting on the floor, correct?
A. Yes.
Q. And the bag – there was no one that could get to the bag besides yourself
and Officer Pence, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. So the bag was secure. No one could get to the bag besides yourself and
Officer Pence?
A. Well, I mean, someone could have got to it if they wanted to.
Q. But they would have to get through you or Officer Pence to get to that bag,
correct?
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A. No. Once we had seen off to the kitchen, we were staying back basically between
the front door and the bags making our announcements for Mr. Roberson to come out
of the bathroom.
Q. Okay. Either yourself or Officer Pence could have secured that bag, stood beside
it to make sure that no one opened that bag, is that correct?
A. I mean, there’s a potential that someone could have come out and fought their way
to it, yes.
Q. But you could have secured that bag. Is it possible for you to have secured that
bag?
A. Looking back, we could have maybe pulled [it] out into the hallway.
{¶ 11} Pence was also cross-examined on the same subject:
Q. And, in this case, Miss Austin was outside, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. And you had secured the living room, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. And you had your guns drawn so you yourself, were as secure as you could be,
correct?
A. Correct.
Q. And instead of – and you were standing by the suitcase, correct?
A. Correct.
Q. So no one could come and open that suitcase? No one could get into the contents
of that suitcase without going through yourself or Officer Hartwell, correct?
A. That is correct.
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{¶ 12} When questioned at the scene, Roberson initially denied that there had been any kind
or argument or dispute between himself and Austin. Later, he admitted that there had been an
argument, but denied having made threats or having pulled a gun on Austin. He said “he knew
nothing of any type of weapon nor did he own one.”
{¶ 13} Roberson was taken into custody and transported to the Fairborn Police Department.
While there, Pence administered written Miranda warnings. Roberson said that he had purchased
the gun from a friend, and it was his.
{¶ 14} Roberson was charged by indictment with Receiving Stolen Property, in violation of
R.C. 2913.51(A), a felony of the Fourth Degree.
{¶ 15} After his motion to suppress was overruled, Roberson pled no contest, was found
guilty, and was sentenced to community control sanctions for a period of time not exceeding five
years. He is appealing from his conviction and sentence.
II. The Suppression Issue Is Not Wholly Frivolous
{¶ 16} The procedure that must be followed when assigned appellate counsel concludes that
there are no assignments of error to present to the court is set forth in Anders v. California, supra, at
386 U.S. 738, 744,
87 S.Ct. 1396,
181 L.Ed.2d 493:
The constitutional requirement of substantial equality and fair process can only be
attained where counsel acts in the role of an active advocate in behalf of his client, as opposed
to that of amicus curiae. The no-merit letter and the procedure it triggers do not reach that
dignity. Counsel should, and can with honor and without conflict, be of more assistance to
his client and to the court. His role as advocate requires that he support his client's appeal to
the best of his ability. Of course, if counsel finds his case to be wholly frivolous, after a
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conscientious examination of it, he should so advise the court and request permission to
withdraw. That request must, however, be accompanied by a brief referring to anything in
the record that might arguably support the appeal. A copy of counsel's brief should be
furnished the indigent and time allowed him to raise any points that he chooses; the court —
not counsel — then proceeds, after a full examination of all the proceedings, to decide
whether the case is wholly frivolous. If it so finds it may grant counsel's request to withdraw
and dismiss the appeal insofar as federal requirements are concerned, or proceed to a decision
on the merits, if state law so requires. On the other hand, if it finds any of the legal points
arguable on their merits (and therefore not frivolous) it must, prior to decision, afford the
indigent the assistance of counsel to argue the appeal. [Footnote omitted; emphasis added.]
{¶ 17} In short, in order to accept a brief filed under the authority of Anders v.California and
affirm, we must find that the appeal is wholly frivolous, in the sense that there are no issues that the
appellant can raise that have arguable merit.
{¶ 18} At the conclusion of the suppression hearing, the State declared that it was
submitting the issue to the trial court. The trial court indicated that it would like some
argument, but it is not clear whether the trial court was referring to the State, both counsel, or
just to defense counsel, who responded.
{¶ 19} Roberson acknowledged that the officers had Austin’s consent to enter the
premises. Roberson argued that with Austin waiting outside, and with two officers inside the
living room with guns drawn, they could wait for Roberson to emerge from the bathroom, and
lacked exigent circumstances to search the suitcase without a warrant.
{¶ 20} The State responded as follows:
… . I think it’s a narrow issue, Your Honor. I think the Defense admits
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that the Officers entered the residence properly with permission. The issue is whether
or not once the Officers were there and standing outside the door of the bathroom and
had the bags secured that eliminated any exigent circumstances, and, thus, the Officers
should have waited for the Defendant to come out of the bathroom and then gone and
got a search warrant or whatever, which I understand that’s the Defendant’s position.
The State’s position is that that’s asking, in any situation, Officers to put their
self [sic] at an unnecessary risk at the time, when they’d just been given information
that this individual had taken a gun and specifically had threatened to kill.1 That’s
obviously the information received.
{¶ 21} In considering whether a claim that the trial court should have suppressed
the evidence has any arguable merit, the following exchange is of interest:
THE COURT: That raises an interesting question. Reasonable suspicion to
believe a person is armed, certainly under the Terry exception requires – allows a frisk
as opposed to a full blown search. Should the Officers had [sic] frisked the bags
opposed to searching the bags under that exception?
MR. HUNTER [representing the State]: You know something, I’m not sure,
Your Honor. I’m not going to act like I know. I would have to research that. I
don’t know the answer. The State’s position is this, it’s the Court’s call. … .
{¶ 22} The trial court gave the State a week to submit any case law to support its
position. The State did not do so, but Roberson did submit authorities. In a written
decision, the trial court overruled Roberson’s motion to suppress. The trial court cited
1
We have found no evidence in the record that Roberson threatened to kill Austin.
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authorities in its decision.
{¶ 23} We have reviewed all of the authorities cited in both the trial court’s decision
and in Roberson’s submission of authorities to the trial court. We conclude that the issue of
whether the police officers could properly look inside Roberson’s suitcase under the
circumstances presented by the evidence in the record is not wholly frivolous. We emphasize
that in reaching this conclusion, we are not deciding the issue on its merits, merely that it is
not wholly frivolous for Anders purposes.
{¶ 24} The Anders brief filed on Roberson’s behalf is rejected. New appellate
counsel will be assigned. New counsel shall file a brief asserting an assignment of error
based on the issue identified in this decision and entry, along with any other assignments of
error that counsel, in his or her professional judgment, should deem worthy of asserting.
{¶ 25} IT IS SO ORDERED.
THOMAS J. GRADY, Presiding Judge
MIKE FAIN, Judge
MICHAEL T. HALL, Judge
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Copies mailed to:
Elizabeth A. Ellis
Greene County Prosecutor’s Office
61 Greene Street
Xenia, OH 45385
Scott Bissell
P.O. Box 92
Bellbrook, OH 45305
Hon. Stephen Wolaver
Greene County Common Pleas Court
45 N. Detroit Street
Xenia, OH 45385-2998
Cordero D. Roberson
1961 N. 15th Avenue
Milwaukee, WI 53205
:df
