[Cite as Needles v. Raitz,
2012-Ohio-5021.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
SENECA COUNTY
RISA L. NEEDLES,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 13-12-15
v.
JOHN RAITZ, ET AL., OPINION
DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS.
Appeal from Tiffin Municipal Court
Trial Court No. CVI 1200018
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: October 29, 2012
APPEARANCES:
Corey L. Tomlinson for Appellants
Risa L. Needles, Appellee
Case No. 13-12-15
SHAW, P.J.
{¶1} Defendants-appellants, John Raitz and Melissa Matteson (collectively
referred to as “Appellants”), appeal the February 17, 2012 judgment of the Tiffin
Municipal Court awarding plaintiff-appellee, Risa Needles (“Appellee”),
$2,100.00 plus interest and court costs for the damage Appellants caused to her
rental property while they were living there as tenants.
{¶2} On October 20, 2011, in case number 11CVI277, Appellee filed a
small claims complaint alleging Appellants broke the residential lease agreement
between them and requesting money damages. In particular, Appellee claimed
Appellants: 1) failed to perform work on the property that was promised to be
completed in exchange for not having to put a security deposit down and for
having $75.00 subtracted from the monthly rent; 2) housed two dogs while living
on the premises, which were not approved by the landlord and damaged the
property; and 3) broke the lease two months prior to its expiration. Appellee also
alleged that Appellants caused significant damage to the premises while living
there and requested the trial court to grant her judgment in the amount of
$2,470.00 plus interest and court costs.
{¶3} On December 6, 2011, Appellee filed an amended complaint
requesting a judgment for damages in the amount of $3,970.00.
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{¶4} On December 7, 2011, a hearing was held and at the end of the
hearing the trial court announced that it would take the matter under advisement.
On the same day, the trial court issued an entry. After a brief recitation of the
facts, the trial court concluded its entry as follows:
The Court has always taken its responsibility in small claims
cases very seriously, due to the fact that it is one of the few
outlets individuals have to obtain redress for their grievances.
Indeed, it is important to keep in mind that the small claims
Court is a layman’s forum, and an overly legalistic application
of the rules of evidence serve only to deny justice. However, the
plaintiff’s case as presented makes its nearly impossible for the
Court to determine how the amount of the claim was reached, let
alone whether the damages were the result of something other
than ordinary wear and tear. Defendants countered with the
poor condition of the premises at the time they moved in and
asserted that many of the damages detailed were preexisting.
This, coupled with the fact that the plaintiff’s claim is in excess
of the statutory lime [sic] of small claims court, give the Court
pause to grant a judgment in this matter. Any judgment
awarded—even the agreed damage to the door screen—would
be speculative in light of the fact that plaintiff has failed to
present evidence of the cost of its repair, let alone whether is [sic]
was beyond ordinary wear and tear. As such, the Court finds
the plaintiff has failed to meet her burden of proof by a
preponderance of the evidence. While the Court declines to
grant damages to the plaintiff in this instance, it does not
preclude the plaintiff from pursuing damages in separate
litigation, and encourages the plaintiff to do so with the
appropriate supporting evidence.
(Dec. 7, 2011 Entry at 4).
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Notably, there is no dispositional order, or any language indicating that judgment
is granted in a party’s favor or that the trial court adjudicated the case on the
merits.
{¶5} On January 18, 2012, in case number 12CVI18, Appellee filed a new
complaint alleging the same claims against Appellants.
{¶6} On February 17, 2012, the trial court held a hearing. On the record,
the trial court discussed the entry issued on December 7, 2011, in case number
11CVI277, and determined that the prior entry constituted an involuntary
dismissal without prejudice pursuant to Civ.R. 41(B)(2). The trial court proceeded
to hear evidence and subsequently entered judgment in favor of Appellee,
awarding her $2,100.00 in damages plus interest and court costs.
{¶7} On March 1, 2012, Appellants filed their notice of appeal.
{¶8} On August 20, 2012, the appellate record was supplemented with the
trial record from case number 11CVI277 pursuant to App.R. 9(E) and based upon
the trial court granting the Appellants’ motion to supplement the record.
{¶9} On appeal, the Appellants assert the following assignment of error for
our review.
TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW IN
GRANTING JUDGMENT FOR APPELLEE AS JUDGMENT
WAS BARRED BY RES JUDICATA.
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{¶10} In their sole assignment of error, Appellants argue that the trial court
erred when it construed the December 7, 2011 entry in case number 11CVI277 as
an involuntary dismissal without prejudice. Appellants further argue that this
entry was a judgment on the merits which precluded Appellee from raising the
same claims against Appellants in the subsequent case 12CVI18 under the
doctrine of res judicata.
{¶11} In order to apply the doctrine of res judicata, we must conclude the
following: (1) there was a prior valid judgment on the merits; (2) the second action
involved the same parties as the first action; (3) the present action raises claims
that were or could have been litigated in the prior action; and (4) both actions arise
out of the same transaction or occurrence. Grava v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d
379, 381–382 (1995).
{¶12} In reviewing the December 7, 2011 entry, there is nothing in the
entry to support the conclusion that an adjudication on the merits or otherwise
took place. The trial court simply states that upon having found Appellee had
failed to meet her burden of proving her case by the preponderance of the
evidence, the court “declines to grant damages” to Appellee. The trial court then
proceeds to encourage Appellee to “pursu[e] damages in separate litigation …
with the appropriate supporting evidence.” There is nothing in the entry indicating
that the trial court granted judgment in favor of a party nor is there any language
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Case No. 13-12-15
that can even be construed as imposing a disposition of the case, including a
dismissal without prejudice. Accordingly, we conclude that the December 7, 2011
entry was not a valid judgment on the merits; therefore, the doctrine of res judicata
does not apply to the case sub judice.
{¶13} Additionally, we believe Appellants waived any claim of res judicata
because they did not file an answer or otherwise raise res judicata as an affirmative
defense in response to Appellee’s January 18, 2012 complaint. Civil Rule 8(C)
provides that “[i]n pleading to a preceding pleading, a party shall set forth
affirmatively … res judicata … .” The Ohio Supreme Court has held that
affirmative defenses other than those listed in Civ.R. 12(B) are waived unless they
are raised in the pleadings or in an amendment to the pleadings. Jim’s Steak
House, Inc. v. City of Cleveland, 81 Ohio St.3d 18, 20, (1998), citing Civ.R. 8 &
15. Res judicata is not one of the defenses enumerated in Civ.R. 12(B). While we
acknowledge that in some instances the civil rules may or may not be applicable to
small claims court cases, in this instance Appellants never raised any issue
regarding res judicata until the appeal.
{¶14} Based on the foregoing, the assignment of error is overruled and the
judgment of the Tiffin Municipal Court is affirmed.
Judgment Affirmed
WILLAMOWSKI and ROGERS, J.J., concur.
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Case No. 13-12-15
/jlr
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