State v. Gardner’s Empirical Analysis
2012
Citation profile
39
cited by 39 later decisions
3
states following
August 2025
most recently cited
39 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Katz v. United States · Bell v. Wolfish · Brinegar v. United States · Payton v. New York
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“There is always a temptation in criminal cases to let the end justify the means, but as guardians of the Constitution, we must resist that temptation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.