[Cite as State v. Polverini,
2013-Ohio-865.]
STATE OF OHIO, JEFFERSON COUNTY
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
SEVENTH DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO ) CASE NO. 11 JE 26
)
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE )
)
VS. ) OPINION
)
CHRISTOPHER J. POLVERINI )
)
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT )
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Criminal Appeal from the Court of
Common Pleas of Jefferson County,
Ohio
Case Nos. 08 CR 21; 10 CR 142; &
11 CR 21
JUDGMENT: Affirmed.
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee: Atty. Jane M. Hanlin
Jefferson County Prosecutor
Atty. Michael J. Calabria
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
100 N. Fourth Street, 3rd Floor
P.O. Box 1506
Steubenville, Ohio 43952
For Defendant-Appellant: Atty. Eric M. Reszke
Suite 810, Sinclair Bldg.
Steubenville, Ohio 43952
JUDGES:
Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Mary DeGenaro
Dated: March 8, 2013
[Cite as State v. Polverini, 2013-Ohio-865.]
WAITE, J.
{¶1} Appellant Christopher J. Polverini is appealing his conviction and
sentence on two counts of trafficking in drugs. Appellant was convicted by a jury on
the drug charges that arose from two controlled purchases of cocaine by a
confidential informant. Appellant was serving community control sanctions for a
felony theft offense when the drug charges arose. He was sentenced to eleven
months of imprisonment on each of the two drug charges. His community control
was revoked on the earlier theft charge and eleven months of prison time was
ordered in that case as well. The court ordered that the sentences for the two drug
charges run concurrently, but that the prison term for the theft charge would run
consecutively, for a net sentence of twenty-two months in prison.
{¶2} Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing
him to twenty-two months in prison. The record indicates that Appellant had a prior
felony conviction and was on community control when he committed the drug
offenses. These are relevant factors for the court to consider in sentencing, and
there was no abuse of discretion in the court imposing more than the minimum, but
less than maximum, sentences for each of the crimes. Appellant also argues that his
convictions on the two drug charges were against the manifest weight of the
evidence, particularly due to questions about the veracity of the confidential
informant's testimony. Appellant posits that the informant was not credible because
he admitted that he stole some of the money the police provided to him to conduct
the controlled drug purchases and that he used some of the cocaine from the
controlled drug purchase prior to handing it over to the police. Even if we accept
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Appellant's premise that the confidential informant was less than credible, the record
contains other evidence that adequately demonstrates Appellant's guilt. The jury did
not create a manifest miscarriage of justice in finding Appellant guilty of the drug
charges based on the totality of the evidence. Appellant’s conviction and sentence
are affirmed.
History of the Case
{¶3} There are three separate criminal cases involved in this appeal. The
first case (08 CR 21), derives from a felony theft charge in 2008. Appellant pleaded
guilty to the charge and was sentenced in March of 2008 to serve six months at the
East Ohio Correctional Center and three years of community control sanctions. His
community control was revoked due to his arrest and conviction on the two drug
charges at issue in this appeal. He was resentenced for the theft conviction at the
same time he was sentenced on the drug charges.
{¶4} The second and third cases (10 CR 142 and 11 CR 21) involve charges
of drug trafficking. Appellant was indicted on December 1, 2010, on one count of
selling or offering to sell powdered cocaine in violation of R.C. 2925.03, a fifth degree
felony punishable by six to twelve months in prison. This drug sale took place on
September 20, 2010, at the home of Jason Klein and Terri Mizell at 575 North Fifth
Street in Toronto, Ohio. Appellant was indicted again on April 6, 2011, on another
count of selling or offering to sell powdered cocaine in violation of R.C. 2925.03, a
fifth degree felony. This second drug sale took place on September 24, 2010, at the
same residence. The drug purchases were conducted by a confidential informant
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under the supervision and control of the police. Appellant was arrested on
September 24, 2010, shortly after the second drug purchase took place. He was not
immediately prosecuted for the crimes because he agreed to act as a confidential
informant himself. Appellant failed to continue cooperating as an informant, which
led to the two drug trafficking charges being filed.
{¶5} Trial took place on August 25, 2011. The prosecutor called five
witnesses: (1) the confidential informant; (2) a chemist from the Bureau of Criminal
Identification and Investigation; (3) Captain Richard Parker, the officer who arranged
the controlled drug purchases; (4) Jason Klein, who resided at 575 North Fifth Street;
and (5) Officer Jason Hanlin of the Steubenville Police Department, who assisted in
the investigation and arranged for Appellant to act as a confidential informant
immediately after his arrest for the crimes at issue in this appeal. Appellant testified
in his own defense. Appellant admitted that he was at 575 North Fifth Street at the
time of the two drug transactions. He admitted having in his possession $100 of the
money that the police had given to the confidential informant to make the drug
purchases. The confidential informant and one of the residents of 575 North Fifth
Street confirmed that the drug buys took place and that Appellant was the seller. Lab
tests confirmed that the substance purchased from Appellant was cocaine. There
was also an audio recording of the drug purchases.
{¶6} After Appellant was arrested, he told the police that he knew someone
who sold illegal drugs, and he volunteered to be a confidential informant himself.
The police entered into an agreement with Appellant to become a confidential
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informant in exchange for suspending prosecution of the two drug sales at 575 North
Fifth Street. The police asked him to make a $100 purchase of cocaine from his
supplier. Appellant told Officer Hanlin that he owed the man $60 for a prior purchase
of cocaine, so the police gave him $160 for the transaction. He conducted the drug
buy, but then failed to cooperate with the police pursuant to his agreement. Hence,
he was prosecuted for the two drug charges under review in this appeal.
{¶7} The jury reached its verdict on August 25, 2011. The jury found
Appellant guilty on both counts. Probation revocation proceedings and sentencing
were held immediately thereafter. Appellant's counsel gave a statement at
sentencing but Appellant declined to speak on his own behalf. The court revoked
Appellant's community control and sentenced him to eleven months in prison in Case
No. 08 CR 21. The court also sentenced Appellant to eleven months in prison on
each of the drug charges, to be served concurrently with each other. The court
ordered that the probation violation sentence be served consecutively to Appellant’s
sentence for the drug trafficking convictions, for a total of twenty-two months in
prison. This appeal followed.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO.1
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN
SENTENCING THE DEFENDANT TO ELEVEN (11) MONTHS
IMPRISONMENT IN CASE NUMBER 10-CR-142 AND CASE
NUMBER 11-CR-21.
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{¶8} Appellant is challenging his sentence as an abuse of the trial court's
discretion. We review felony sentences to determine whether the sentence is clearly
and convincingly contrary to law, and if it is not contrary to law, it is then reviewed for
abuse of discretion. State v. Gratz, 7th Dist. No. 08MA101, 2009-Ohio-695, ¶8; State
v. Gray, 7th Dist. No. 07MA156,
2008-Ohio-6591, ¶17. The initial inquiry is whether
the sentence is clearly and convincingly contrary to law, i.e., whether the sentencing
court complied with all applicable rules and statutes in imposing the sentence. Gratz
at ¶8, citing State v. Kalish,
120 Ohio St.3d 23,
2008-Ohio-4912,
896 N.E.2d 124,
¶13-14. If it is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law, the court must determine
whether the sentencing court abused its discretion in applying the factors in R.C.
2929.11 (which contains the principles and purposes of felony sentencing) and R.C.
2929.12 (which contains factors relating to the seriousness of the crime and the
likelihood of recidivism), and any other applicable statute. Gratz at ¶8, citing Kalish
at ¶17. Appellant is solely arguing that the trial court abused its discretion in applying
the factors in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. Appellant believes that the weight of the
evidence should have convinced the court to impose a less severe sentence.
{¶9} Unless the record affirmatively demonstrates otherwise, there is a
presumption that the trial court gave proper consideration to the factors listed in R.C.
2929.11 and 2929.12. State v. Martin, 7th Dist. No. 11 MA 2, 2011-Ohio-6408, ¶25.
{¶10} Appellant attempts to rely on R.C. 2929.14(B), which requires that the
minimum sentence be imposed unless the court finds that certain factors exist in
support of a harsher sentence, as a reason for reversing his sentence. R.C.
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2929.14(B), however, was declared unconstitutional in State v. Foster, 109 Ohio
St.3d 1,
2006-Ohio-856,
845 N.E.2d 470. After Foster, there is no longer a
preference for imposing the minimum sentence on first-time offenders.
{¶11} Appellant also believes the shortest prison term should have been
imposed because the state's case against him was very weak. Appellant does not
cite any law that requires the court to consider this as a factor at sentencing. In any
event, a review of the record reveals that the state's case against Appellant was
actually quite substantial.
{¶12} R.C. 2929.12(D) lists factors that may indicate a defendant is more
likely to commit future crimes. R.C. 2929.12(D)(1) addresses whether the defendant
was under a community control sanction when the crime for which a defendant is
being sentenced occurred. The trial court noted this factor at the sentencing hearing
and gave it significant weight in his decision. R.C. 2929.12(E) lists factors that
indicate that a defendant is less likely to commit future crimes. R.C. 2929.12(E)(2)
states that the court should consider whether “[p]rior to committing the offense, the
offender had not been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a criminal offense.” The court
took under consideration that Appellant had committed a prior criminal offense and
had a felony conviction on his record. The record reflects that the court also gave
weight to this factor.
{¶13} The court may give as much weight to each factor as it deems
appropriate. We have previously held:
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R.C. 2929.12(C) does not require the trial court to assign a specific
weight to any one factor. Instead, R.C. 2929.12(C) simply requires the
trial court to “consider” each factor. “[T]he individual decisionmaker has
the discretion to determine the weight to assign a particular statutory
factor.” State v. Arnett (2000), 88 Ohio St.3d 208, 215,
724 N.E.2d 793.
State v. Jones, 7th Dist. No. 04-MA-76,
2005-Ohio-6937, ¶42.
{¶14} Although Appellant is correct that there is some evidence to support a
few of the mitigating factors listed in R.C. 2929.12 (such as the fact that Appellant did
not have a delinquency adjudication on his record), the trial court was free to give
more weight to other factors indicating that the crime was more serious than normal,
or that the circumstances of the case indicated more risk of recidivism than normal.
Appellant has not shown any abuse of discretion at sentencing, and his first
assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2
THE JURY VERDICT OF GUILTY TO THE OFFENSES OF
TRAFFICKING IN DRUGS WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶15} Appellant's argument on appeal for this assignment of error is one
paragraph long. (Appellant's Br., p. 14.) He argues that he should not have been
convicted because: (1) the confidential informant was not credible; (2) Appellant
gave credible explanations for being at 575 North Fifth Street on September 20 and
24, 2010, that did not have anything to do with drug purchases (i.e., he was
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borrowing money from the informant, or he was there to transport Terri Mizell to
parenting classes); (3) the electronic recordings of the alleged drug transaction are
inconclusive; (4) the police did not find any narcotics on Appellant's person; and (5)
Appellant testified that he was not involved in any illegal drug activity. Thus,
Appellant is challenging the manifest weight of the evidence based on these five
items.
{¶16} When determining whether a criminal judgment is against the manifest
weight of the evidence, this Court acts as a “thirteenth juror” to determine whether
“the jury clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that
the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v. Thompkins, 78
Ohio St.3d 380, 387,
678 N.E.2d 541 (1997), citing State v. Martin,
20 Ohio App.3d
172, 175,
485 N.E.2d 717 (1983). The verdict is not against the weight of the
evidence when the record contains evidence which, if believed, will convince the
average person of the accused's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Eley,
56
Ohio St.2d 169, 172,
383 N.E.2d 132 (1978).
{¶17} “A verdict that is supported by sufficient evidence may still be against
the manifest weight of the evidence. ‘Weight of the evidence concerns “the
inclination of the greater amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support
one side of the issue rather than the other. It indicates clearly to the jury that the
party having the burden of proof will be entitled to their verdict, if, on weighing the
evidence in their minds, they shall find the greater amount of credible evidence
sustains the issue which is to be established before them. Weight is not a question
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of mathematics, but depends on its effect in inducing belief.” ’ (Emphasis sic.)”
(Internal citations omitted.) State v. Barnhart, 7th Dist. No. 09 JE 15, 2010-Ohio-
3282, ¶24, quoting Thompkins, supra, at 387. The weight to be given the evidence
and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily for the trier of fact to determine.
State v. DeHass,
10 Ohio St.2d 230,
227 N.E.2d 212 (1967), paragraph one of the
syllabus.
{¶18} Although Appellant contends that the evidence against him was weak, it
was actually stronger than in many cases involving controlled drug purchases by a
confidential informant. Appellant, himself, admitted that he was at the house where
the drug transactions occurred, and he admitted he had possession of $100 of the
money that was provided by the police to make the transaction. Appellant's
explanation about being at the residence to transport Terri Mizell to a counseling
class is not particularly credible since the exchange took place at night and Appellant
left the house alone after the drug buy. Appellant's explanation as to how he came to
be holding $100 of the informant's money is dubious. He testified that the informant
was known to have a great deal of cash on him, so he borrowed $100 from the
informant to buy four tires, and promised to give him $110 or $120 when he returned
the money. The record established that the informant was unemployed and was so
lacking in funds that he stole some of the money given to him by the police to make
the controlled drug purchase.
{¶19} Appellant is correct that the confidential informant may not have been
particularly credible. The informant testified that he asked for $150 from the police to
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purchase the drugs, but only paid $130 to Appellant. The informant stated that he
pocketed the $20 and purchased cigarettes and beer. The informant also testified
that he took some of the drugs he purchased and “snorted a line” before returning the
drug packets to the police. (Tr., p. 166.) The jury was made aware of these facts
and was free to believe some, all, or none of his testimony.
{¶20} Despite the admissions by the informant that he stole money and drugs
from the controlled drug buy, it also appears reasonable that the jury would
disbelieve Appellant's testimony even over the testimony of the informant. The
testimony given by the confidential informant is confirmed by other evidence in the
record. Appellant's testimony is not supported by other evidence. In this case the
state had confirmation of the drug transaction by a third party, Jason Klein. The
police searched the confidential informant before the transaction to make sure he
had no illegal substances on his person. The record also established that when the
police entered the Klein/Mizell residence shortly after the second drug transaction,
they found no marked money or illegal drugs on the premises. The reasonable
inference is that the only drugs involved in the transaction were those brought to the
Klein/Mizell residence by Appellant, that those drugs were purchased by the
informant, and that the drugs were then delivered to the police after the drug buy had
concluded.
{¶21} A further piece of evidence in favor of conviction is that Appellant,
immediately after he was arrested, told the police that he knew someone who
supplied illegal drugs. He offered to be a confidential informant himself in order to
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conduct a controlled drug purchase with this source. (Tr., p. 197.) In fact, within an
hour of being arrested, Appellant conducted a controlled drug purchase for the police
in Steubenville. This controlled drug purchase was discussed at trial by both the
police officer who arranged the deal (Officer Hanlin), and by Appellant.
{¶22} Appellant also admitted that he had had previous dealings with this
drug supplier and still owed him $60. The police apparently believed him and gave
him $160 to make the drug purchase ($100 for the drugs, and $60 to pay off the
debt). Appellant testified that this $60 debt was not a drug debt, but again, the jury
could make the inference that a debt to a drug dealer is likely to be a debt for a prior
purchase of drugs.
{¶23} The manifest weight of the evidence supports the convictions.
Appellant was at the scene of the drug purchases and was found with the confidential
informant's money. There was no evidence that the drugs purchased by the
informant came from any other source other than Appellant. Appellant admitted he
had a source who could provide him with illegal drugs, and he purchased drugs from
that source within an hour after being arrested for the drug trafficking charges
involved in this appeal. There was independent confirmation of the drug transactions
by one of the residents of the house where the transaction took place. The
substance was identified as cocaine. The trier of fact was free to believe this
evidence and to disbelieve Appellant's explanations. There is no manifest
miscarriage of justice indicated by the jury's verdict, and this assignment of error is
overruled.
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{¶24} In conclusion, Appellant has not indicated any error in his convictions
for two drug trafficking offenses or in the sentence imposed. Therefore, the judgment
of the trial court is affirmed.
Donofrio, J., concurs.
DeGenaro, P.J., concurs.
