Illinois Official Reports
Appellate Court
Whitten v. Luck, 2014 IL App (5th) 120513
Appellate Court DOUGLAS R. WHITTEN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DONNA LUCK
Caption and BILL WARREN, Defendants-Appellees.
District & No. Fifth District
Docket No. 5-12-0513
Filed March 13, 2014
Held In an action for the injuries plaintiff motorcyclist suffered when a dog
(Note: This syllabus ran into his path and caused him to crash, the trial court’s entry of
constitutes no part of the summary judgment for the owners of the farmhouse rented by the
opinion of the court but dog’s owner was upheld on appeal, since the record showed that
has been prepared by the plaintiff’s action against the dog’s owner was dismissed after he
Reporter of Decisions obtained a discharge in bankruptcy, and when plaintiff pursued relief
for the convenience of against the owners of the house under the Animal Control Act, the trial
the reader.) court found that defendants were not owners of the dog for purposes of
liability under the Act, because they did not exercise care, control, or
custody of the dog, even though they prohibited the owner from
keeping the dog in the house, but allowed him to keep the dog in the
barn.
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Montgomery County, No. 09-L-30;
Review the Hon. Douglas L. Jarman, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Affirmed.
Counsel on Randall A. Wolter, of Wolter, Beeman & Lynch, of Springfield, for
Appeal appellant.
Edward T. Graham, Jr., of Beavers, Graham & Calvert, of Taylorville,
for appellees.
Panel PRESIDING JUSTICE WELCH delivered the judgment of the court,
with opinion.
Justice Spomer concurred in the judgment and opinion.
Justice Goldenhersh dissented, with opinion.
OPINION
¶1 The plaintiff, Douglas R. Whitten, appeals from an order of the circuit court of
Montgomery County entering summary judgment in favor of the defendants, Donna Luck and
Bill Warren. For the reasons which follow, we affirm the decision of the circuit court.
¶2 On June 2, 2009, the plaintiff was injured while riding his motorcycle on Rainmaker Trail
near Butler, Illinois, when a black Labrador retriever ran into his path, causing him to lose
control of his motorcycle and sustain injuries. Rainmaker Trail runs adjacent to farm property
owned by the defendants. The defendants are a brother and sister who inherited the house and
the 75-acre farm on which it sits when their mother died in 2008. The dog was owned by
Daniel Lesko who, along with his girlfriend Meghan Ritzel, was renting a home on the 75-acre
tract from the defendants. Ritzel is the granddaughter of the defendant Luck.
¶3 All parties agreed that Lesko and Ritzel began renting the house in May of 2009, but a copy
of the lease in the record before us indicates that the lease was not signed until July 20, 2009,
over a month after the accident in question. In any event, pets were not allowed in the house,
and both Lesko and Ritzel were aware of this. The signed lease specifically states, “No Pets
allowed inside house, Outside Pets ONLY.”
¶4 The defendants were aware that Lesko owned a dog. Lesko was upset he could not keep the
dog in the house because the dog was previously an inside dog. When he moved into the house,
Lesko initially tried keeping the dog in the garage attached to the home, but that did not work
out well. The defendants gave Lesko permission to keep the dog in a barn located on the
75-acre farm. The leased premises included the house and the surrounding yard, but the barn
was not part of the lease agreement. In her deposition, Luck testified that her understanding of
the lease was that pets could be on the leased property as long as they were contained while
Lesko and Ritzel were gone and they were not kept in the house. She admitted that Lesko had
her permission to keep the dog in the barn even though she still owned the barn and that she did
not charge them any extra rent for the use of the barn. The dog lived and slept inside a pen
inside the barn until he was let out by either Lesko or Ritzel. The barn was also used to store
farm equipment and hay and was also used by a farmer who rented land from the defendants.
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¶5 Lesko provided all care for the dog. He fed the dog, trained it, played with it, groomed it,
and paid all veterinary bills. Neither of the defendants ever provided any care for the dog. On
the day in question, Lesko fed and watered the dog and contained it in the pen inside the barn.
No other person had contact with the dog, except possibly Ritzel.
¶6 After the accident, the plaintiff filed an action against both Lesko and the defendants,
alleging: (1) common law negligence and (2) liability pursuant to the Animal Control Act
(Act) (510 ILCS 5/1 to 35 (West 2008)). The plaintiff later voluntarily dismissed all claims
based upon common law negligence, as well as his claim against Lesko under the Act because
Lesko filed bankruptcy and a discharge was granted. The only charge remaining was the
statutory charge against the defendants pursuant to the Act. Both the plaintiff and the
defendants filed motions for summary judgment. After a hearing, the trial court entered
summary judgment in favor of the defendants and against the plaintiff, specifically stating as
follows:
“The court rejects the claim that the [d]efendants harbored the dog. There is no
dispute that Mr. Lesko was the only one to exercise care, custody or control over the
dog. He fed and watered the dog and was responsible for his wellbeing [sic].
Defendants exercised no care, custody or control over the dog. The only authority
[d]efendants exercised over the dog was to direct in the lease that the dog could not be
in the house and then to subsequently permit Mr. Lesko to keep the dog in the barn.
[Citation.]
The claim that [d]efendants were owners because they permitted the dog to remain
on premises occupied by them must also be rejected. The barn was not part of the
premises demised in the lease. There is no dispute that the barn was used to store old
farm equipment. Mr. Lesko’s use of the barn was strictly for his benefit, and not for the
benefit of [d]efendants. When [d]efendants permitted Mr. Lesko to use the barn for his
dog, that portion of the barn became an appurtenance to the leased premises and
[d]efendants no longer occupied it.”
The plaintiff appeals.
¶7 The issue raised in this appeal is whether the trial court erred in entering summary
judgment in favor of the defendants after finding that as a matter of law the defendants were
not owners of the dog pursuant to the Act. First, the plaintiff argues that pursuant to the Act the
defendants are owners of the dog because they harbored the animal. The plaintiff points out
that the dog lived in the defendants’ barn and freed itself from that barn the day the plaintiff
was injured. According to the plaintiff, the defendants had full control over where the dog lived
and slept and this is sufficient to establish the requisite degree of care, custody, or control to
extend liability to the defendants as owners under the Act. Second, the plaintiff contends that
the defendants are owners of the dog because they knowingly permitted the dog to remain on
premises which they owned and occupied, i.e., the barn. The defendants respond that summary
judgment was properly granted in their favor because at the time and place of the accident
described in the plaintiff’s complaint, the defendants were absentee landlords of the premises
leased to Lesko and Ritzel, and they did not own, possess, or have the right to care for or
control the dog that allegedly caused the plaintiff’s accident. We agree with the defendants and
find that the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment in their favor.
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¶8 Summary judgment is appropriate only where the pleadings, depositions, and admissions
on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any
material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Frost v.
Robave, Inc., 296 Ill. App. 3d 528, 532 (1998). In determining whether summary judgment is
proper, the court must strictly construe all documents on file against the moving party. Id. The
question of ownership is normally for the trier of fact; however, in appropriate cases, summary
judgment is proper. Papesh v. Matesevac, 223 Ill. App. 3d 189, 191 (1991). In an appeal from
a summary judgment ruling, review is de novo. Frost, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 532.
¶9 The Act provides that if a dog or another animal injures a person, “the owner of such dog or
other animal is liable in civil damages to such person for the full amount of the injury
proximately caused thereby.” 510 ILCS 5/16 (West 2008). The Act defines “owner” as “any
person having a right of property in an animal, or who keeps or harbors an animal, or who has
it in his care, or acts as its custodian, or who knowingly permits a dog to remain on any
premises occupied by him or her.” 510 ILCS 5/2.16 (West 2008). While the terms “keeps” and
“harbors” are not defined by the Act, the terms should be given their plain and ordinary
meanings. Steinberg v. Petta, 114 Ill. 2d 496, 500-01 (1986). In Steinberg, our Illinois
Supreme Court explained:
“The verb ‘[h]arbor’ means ‘[t]o afford lodging to, to shelter, or to give a refuge to.’
(Black’s Law Dictionary 646 (5th ed. 1979).) Black’s Law Dictionary defines
‘[k]eeper of dog’ as: ‘A harborer of a dog. [Citation.] Any person, other than owner,
harboring or having in his possession any dog. [Citation.] One who, either with or
without owner’s permission, undertakes to manage, control, or care for it as dog
owners in general are accustomed to do.’ (Black’s Law Dictionary 780 (5th ed. 1979).)
See also 4 Am. Jur. 2d Animals sec. 92 (1962); 3A C.J.S. Animals sec. 205 (1973).”
Steinberg, 114 Ill. 2d at 501.
¶ 10 Therefore, harboring or keeping an animal involves some measure of care, custody, or
control. Id. Harboring is limited to situations where an individual provides food and shelter of
at least a semipermanent nature. Frost, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 537. “To establish that one is a
keeper of an animal it must be shown that the person had control over the animal at the time of
the injury or immediately prior to the injury.” Id. at 534.
¶ 11 Our supreme court in Steinberg held that an absentee landlord did not harbor a tenant’s dog
within the meaning of the Act because the landlord “did not have the tenants’ dog in his care,
custody, or control; he simply allowed the tenants to have a pet on the premises, and by no fair
inference can he be deemed to have harbored or kept the animal.” Steinberg, 114 Ill. 2d at 502.
Steinberg involved an injury that occurred to the plaintiff when a dog escaped from a fence in
the backyard of a rental house. Id. at 498. The owners of the dog occupied the ground floor of
the two-story rental house. Id. The property manager, who collected the rent for the landlord,
gave the tenants permission to keep the dog on the premises, which included an area of the
backyard, and permission to erect a fence in the backyard to contain the dog. Id. The landlord
did not know about the fence or the presence of the dog on the rental property. Id. at 499. The
plaintiff argued that the following made the landlord an owner of the dog: the landlord
benefitted from the erection of the fence, as the property owner, and the presence of the dog
because it provided additional security for the premises; the property manager relayed the
neighbors’ complaints about the dog to the tenants; and the landlord retained control over the
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backyard where the dog was kept. Id. at 502. The court concluded that the landlord was not an
owner of the dog pursuant to the Act, finding that any benefit resulting from the erection of the
fence was merely incidental to the tenants’ activity and that the property manager’s actions of
relaying the complaints to the tenants did not establish the degree of control contemplated by
the statute. Id. The court stated that the “evidence presented at trial established nothing more
than that the defendant, acting through his agent, permitted the tenants to keep a dog on the
premises, which included the area of the backyard.” Id.
¶ 12 Here, the plaintiff first argues that the defendants were owners of the dog because they
harbored the animal by providing its shelter. In support of this position, the plaintiff points to
the following evidence: the structure where the dog was housed was not part of the leased
premises; the dog was kept in the barn for the defendants’ benefit because the defendants did
not want the dog in the house; and the defendants had full control over where the dog lived and
slept and the structure that was meant to contain him. The plaintiff also argues that the
defendants were owners of the dog because they knowingly permitted the dog to remain on
premises that they owned and occupied, i.e., the barn. In support of this position, the plaintiff
points to the following facts: the barn was not leased to Lesko and Ritzel; the dog was housed
in the barn at the defendants’ direction; the defendants occupied the barn as they stored
farm-related equipment and hay in the barn; and the situation was permanent.
¶ 13 The trial court determined that the defendants were not owners of the dog under the Act
because they exercised no care, custody, or control over the dog. The court rejected the
argument that the defendants harbored the dog, finding that the “only authority [d]efendants
exercised over the dog was to direct in the lease that the dog could not be in the house and then
to subsequently permit Mr. Lesko to keep the dog in the barn.” The court further rejected the
argument that the defendants were owners because they permitted the dog to remain on
premises occupied by them. The court noted that Lesko’s use of the barn was strictly for his
benefit and not for the benefit of the defendants. With regard to the barn not being part of the
leased premises, the trial court determined that “[w]hen [d]efendants permitted Mr. Lesko to
use the barn for his dog, that portion of the barn became an appurtenance to the leased premises
and [d]efendants no longer occupied it.” We agree with the findings of the trial court.
¶ 14 Like the defendant in Steinberg, the defendants in this case did not live on the leased
premises. Luck testified that the leased premises consisted of the house and the surrounding
yard. Pursuant to the lease agreement, pets were restricted to the outside. After unsuccessfully
attempting to house his dog in the garage, Lesko received permission from the defendants to
house the dog in a portion of the barn. The only restriction in the lease agreement concerning
dogs was that dogs were to remain outside. The lease agreement did not say that the dog was
required to be housed in the barn. Lesko could have chosen to house the dog elsewhere. Like
the trial court, we conclude that the defendants did not have the requisite care, custody, or
control over the animal because the only authority that the defendants exercised over the dog
was to prohibit it from living in the house and then to subsequently allow Lesko the use of the
barn. The defendants did not feed, water, or otherwise care for the dog while it lived in the
barn. We also agree with the trial court that Lesko’s use of the barn was for his own benefit
because he was allowed to live in the leased premises and still keep his dog. Although Luck
admitted being at the 75-acre farm numerous times after Lesko and Ritzel started renting the
house and that the defendants had stored farm-related equipment in the barn, the defendants
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did not have any right to care for or control over the animal. Moreover, the fact that the
defendants might have provided the pen inside the barn from which the dog escaped does not
establish the degree of control contemplated by the statute. Like the defendant in Steinberg, the
defendants here merely allowed the tenants to have a dog on the premises and therefore cannot
be deemed to have harbored or kept the animal. We recognize that the plaintiff cites Bailey v.
DeSanti, 414 A.2d 1187 (Conn. Super. Ct. 1980), a Connecticut Superior Court case, for
support of his position that the defendants were owners of the dog under the Act. However, we
note that this case is not binding on this court and we find it unpersuasive under the
circumstances presented in light of Steinberg. Under these circumstances, we find that the trial
court did not err in entering summary judgment in favor of the defendants.
¶ 15 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Montgomery County is
affirmed.
¶ 16 Affirmed.
¶ 17 JUSTICE GOLDENHERSH, dissenting.
¶ 18 I respectfully dissent. It is my position that the circuit court erred in granting summary
judgment for defendants as there were genuine issues of material fact.
¶ 19 In Steinberg v. Petta, 114 Ill. 2d 496,
501 N.E.2d 1263 (1986), relied upon by the majority,
the dog escaped from a fence that was erected in the backyard of the rental house. The property
manager who collected rent for the landlord gave the tenant permission to erect a fence in the
backyard. The landlord was not even aware that a fence had been erected. Steinberg, 114 Ill. 2d
at 499,
501 N.E.2d at 1264. I find the instant case is distinguishable from Steinberg for at least
three reasons.
¶ 20 First, defendants in the instant case were not absentee landlords. Donna Luck admitted to
being at the 75-acre farm numerous times after Lesko and Ritzel started renting the house, and
defendants were well aware that a dog was living on the premises. Second, defendants, not the
tenant Lesko, actually determined where the dog should be kept. Defendants did not simply
give Lesko permission to use the barn; Donna Luck actually directed Lesko to use the barn to
house the dog. Third, the barn in which the dog was being housed was not even being rented by
Lesko and Ritzel.
¶ 21 Here, the lease provided that the dog could not be kept in the house. Lesko wanted to keep
the dog in the house, but that was not allowed under the terms of the lease. Lesko tried keeping
the dog in the garage, but for whatever reason, that did not work out well. Donna Luck then
told Lesko he could keep the dog in a barn located on the property. The barn was not part of the
leased premises. Luck testified via deposition as follows:
“Q. [Attorney for plaintiff:] Do you know where the dog was kept?
A. In a pen in the barn.
Q. Is that on the property you were leasing at 97 Rainmaker Trail?
A. Yes.
Q. And did you own the barn?
A. Yes.
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Q. Was that part of the property you leased?
A. No. Well, I guess.
Q. When you rented the property to [Ritzel] and [Lesko] did that include the barn?
A. No.
Q. So what was leased, just the residence?
A. More or less, yes.
Q. More or less. What more or less, you got to tell me.
A. Well, the yard.”
Under these circumstances, it is clear that defendants maintained control over the barn and
allowed the dog to be housed in property owned by them that was separate from the property
leased by Lesko and Ritzel.
¶ 22 Moreover, there is a question of who provided the pen inside the barn from which the dog
escaped. Lesko testified as follows in his deposition:
“Q. [Attorney for plaintiff:] How did the dog get out on June 2nd of ’09?
A. It looked like he pried the bottom up. Like it was just like the regular mesh fence
and it looked like one of the metal pieces holding it together was pried loose.
Q. I don’t have a picture of the pen. Tell me what the pen looked like and what it
was made of.
A. Basically just like those metal chain fences that you see only about twice the
height. I think it was about six foot high. It was, we were able to flip the part that he
messed up upside down after the event and use it again.
Q. So you’re talking about like a standard chain link with squares a couple inches
wide?
A. Yes.
Q. Was it purchased as a dog run or something somebody put together?
A. I believe it was originally purchased for dogs.”
Lesko explained the dog had never broken lose prior to the date in question, “but he hadn’t
spent that much time out in a cage before either.” From the above, it is not clear that Lesko
purchased the pen. The pen may have been purchased by defendants. The record before us
simply does not establish if the pen was already in the barn when Donna Luck told Lesko he
could keep the dog in the barn or if Lesko provided the pen.
¶ 23 Both parties have cited numerous cases in support of their respective positions. I have
reviewed those cases and find none are directly on point. I point out, however, that the question
of ownership, specifically harboring or keeping, is generally a question of fact for the trier of
fact. Thompson v. Dawson, 136 Ill. App. 3d 695, 699-700,
483 N.E.2d 1072, 1075 (1985).
From the record before us, I believe that the trial court erred in finding as a matter of law that
defendants did not exercise the requisite degree of custody or control over the black Labrador
retriever that was the cause of plaintiff’s accident. Defendants determined where the dog was
to be sheltered and provided that shelter. Defendants permitted the dog to remain on premises
owned by them that were not part of the lease agreement. Under these circumstances, the trial
court erred in entering summary judgment in favor of defendants. The evidence presents a
question of fact whether the defendants exercised the requisite degree of custody and control
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over the dog to bring them within the definition of “owner” under the Act. Accordingly, I
would reverse and remand for further proceedings.
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