[Cite as Parham v. McManamon,
2016-Ohio-3264.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 103679
DUNCAN PARHAM
PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
JOSEPH F. McMANAMON, ET AL.
DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-15-847772
BEFORE: Jones, A.J., Boyle, J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: June 2, 2016
FOR APPELLANT
Duncan Parham, pro se
Inmate No. 231-113
Pickaway Correctional Institution
11781 State Route 762
P.O. Box 209
Orient, Ohio 43146
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Amy Venesile
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 8th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
LARRY A. JONES, SR., A.J.:
{¶1} In this accelerated appeal, plaintiff-appellant Duncan Parham appeals from the
trial court’s October 13, 2015 judgment dismissing his civil declaratory judgment action.
Because this case is on the accelerated docket under App.R. 11.1 and Loc.R. 11.1, “we
may render a decision in ‘brief and conclusionary form’ consistent with App.R. 11.1(E).”
State v. Fye, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102494, 2015-Ohio-4184, ¶ 1, quoting App.R.
11.1(E).
{¶2} In 1991, Parham was found guilty, after a bench trial, of aggravated murder
with a firearm specification. The trial court sentenced him to a life term plus three years
for the firearm specification. Parham appealed, challenging the sufficiency and weight of
the evidence; the effectiveness of trial counsel based on counsel’s failure to file a motion
to suppress and discovery motions, and counsel’s evidentiary decisions; and the trial
court’s decisions on evidentiary issues. State v. Parham, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 61349,
1993 Ohio App. LEXIS 100 (Jan. 14, 1993). This court affirmed the conviction. Id. at
18.
{¶3} In July 2015, Parham filed this civil declaratory judgment against
defendants-appellees, Judge Joseph McManamon (the trial judge who presided over his
criminal case) and John T. Corrigan (the county prosecutor at the time of his indictment
and during his trial). Parham sought a declaration that the trial court did not have
jurisdiction over him at the time of his criminal trial because the grand jury did not return
an indictment under the criminal case number. Specifically, Parham contended that an
employee of the prosecutor’s office “forged an indictment” and “forged the grand jury
foreman’s name.” Complaint, ¶ 8.
{¶4} In October 2015, the trial court, sua sponte, dismissed this case for failure to
state a claim upon which relief can be granted, reasoning that Parham should have raised
the issue he attempted to raise in his direct appeal. Parham now presents two
assignments of error for our review, both challenging the trial court’s dismissal of his
complaint. We affirm.
{¶5} The decision to grant declaratory relief is a matter within the sound discretion
of the trial court. State v. Brooks, 133 Ohio App.3d 521, 525,
728 N.E.2d 1119 (4th
Dist.1999), citing Arbor Health Care Co. v. Jackson,
39 Ohio App.3d 183, 185,
530
N.E.2d 928 (10th Dist.1987). Accordingly, we will not reverse the trial court’s dismissal
of Parham’s complaint for declaratory relief unless the trial court abused its discretion.
Brooks at
id., citing Arbor Health at
id. The term “abuse of discretion” connotes more
than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable,
arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore,
5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219,
450
N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶6} In order to maintain an action for declaratory judgment, a party must
demonstrate that a real controversy exists between the parties, that the controversy is
justiciable in character, and that speedy relief is necessary to preserve the rights of the
parties. Burger Brewing Co. v. Liquor Control Comm., 34 Ohio St.2d 93, 97,
296 N.E.2d
261 (1973). “A trial court may dismiss a complaint for declaratory relief only if no real
controversy or justiciable issue exists, or if the declaratory judgment will not terminate the
uncertainty or controversy.” Reinbolt v. Natl. Fire Ins. Co. of Hartford,
158 Ohio App.3d
453,
2004-Ohio-4845,
816 N.E.2d 1083, ¶ 13 (6th Dist.), citing Fioresi v. State Farm Mut.
Auto. Ins. Co.,
26 Ohio App.3d 203,
499 N.E.2d 5 (1st Dist.1985).
{¶7} A declaratory judgment action is not a part of the criminal appellate process.
Brooks at id., citing Tootle v. Wood,
40 Ohio App.2d 576, 577,
321 N.E.2d 623 (4th
Dist.1974); Richard v. Jones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 64769,
1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 788
(Mar. 3, 1994). “The effect of a dismissal of a declaratory judgment action without
making a declaration of the parties’ rights is a determination that the plaintiff in the
declaratory judgment action has no right to a declaratory judgment.” State ex rel. Fenske
v. McGovern,
11 Ohio St.3d 129, 133,
464 N.E.2d 525 (1984).
{¶8} Parham appealed his conviction, but did not raise the issue he now seeks to
adjudicate regarding the indictment. He cannot now seek to use declaratory judgment as
part of the criminal appellate process. Moreover, even if he had raised this issue on
appeal, we find that he would not have been successful. Under Crim.R. 12, his challenge
to the indictment would have had to have been made prior to trial. See Crim.R. 12(C)(2).
Failure to make such challenges prior to trial results in a waiver. See Crim.R. 12(H).
{¶9} In light of the above, Parham’s two assigned errors are overruled and the trial
court’s judgment is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Cuyahoga
County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LARRY A. JONES, SR., ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE
MARY J. BOYLE, J., and
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., CONCUR
