2016 Pa. Super. 199 - Commonwealth v. Baldwin’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

13 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “(or request for information), which need not be supported by any level of suspicion, but carries no official compulsion to stop or to respond. The second, an”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Hemingway · 2017 Pa. Super. 264 - Commonwealth v. Singleton

2. “[t]o determine whether a mere encounter rises to the level of an investigatory detention, we must discern whether, as a matter of law, the police conducted a seizure of the person involved. To decide whether a seizure has occurred, a court must consider all the circumstances surrounding the encounter to determine whether the demeanor and conduct of the police would have communicated to a reasonable person that he or she was not free to decline the officer's request or otherwise terminate the encounter. Thus, the focal point of our inquiry must be whether, considering the circumstances surrounding the incident, a reasonable person innocent of any crime, would have thought he was being restrained had he been in the defendant's shoes.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Commonwealth v. Hemingway