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Appellate Court Date: 2020.09.11
13:09:08 -05'00'
Sharp v. Baldwin, 2020 IL App (2d) 181004
Appellate Court BRUCE SHARP, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JOHN BALDWIN, in His
Caption Official Capacity as Director of Corrections, Defendant-Appellee.
District & No. Second District
No. 2-18-1004
Filed April 28, 2020
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Lee County, No. 18-MR-48; the
Review Hon. Daniel A. Fish, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Affirmed.
Counsel on Joel A. Flaxman and Kenneth N. Flaxman, both of Chicago, for
Appeal appellant.
Kwame Raoul, Attorney General, of Chicago (Jane Elinor Notz,
Solicitor General, and Benjamin F. Jacobson, Assistant Attorney
General, of counsel), for appellee.
Panel JUSTICE McLAREN delivered the judgment of the court, with
opinion.
Justices Hutchinson and Zenoff concurred in the judgment and
opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Plaintiff, Bruce Sharp, appeals from the trial court’s order dismissing with prejudice his
complaint for mandamus, pursuant to section 2-615 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code)
(735 ILCS 5/2-615 (West 2018)). We affirm.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 Plaintiff is in the custody of the Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC), serving a
sentence of 30 to 125 years for the 1970 murder of a Chicago police officer. According to
plaintiff, his “outdate” for release is January 24, 2022.
¶4 In May 2018, plaintiff filed a complaint for mandamus, pursuant to section 14-101 of the
Code (id. § 14-101). In his complaint, plaintiff alleged that, effective January 1, 2018, the
legislature had amended section 3-6-3(a)(4) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Unified Code)
(730 ILCS 5/3-6-3(a)(4) (West 2018)) such that he was now entitled to sentence credit, that
previously was not available to him, for completion of various programs while in IDOC
custody. According to plaintiff, with these sentence credits, he was eligible for immediate
release from custody.
¶5 Plaintiff further alleged that defendant, John Baldwin, as director of IDOC, was
responsible for prescribing rules and regulations and awarding sentence credits to persons in
IDOC custody. Plaintiff alleged that defendant had refused to perform the ministerial duty of
informing his staff that plaintiff was entitled to the service credits. Therefore, plaintiff sought
an order of mandamus compelling defendant to (1) award plaintiff “no less than 12 years
sentencing credit earned over the last 47 1/2 years of incarceration, and to release Plaintiff
immediately” and (2) “Credit Plaintiff toward parole of MSR [sic] for every day past 1/1/18,
compensate Plaintiff for everyday [sic] served under false imprisonment.”
¶6 Defendant filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2-615 of the Code (735 ILCS
5/2-615 (West 2018)), arguing that, pursuant to section 3-6-3(a)(2)(i) of the Unified Code (id.
§ 3-6-3(a)(2)(i)), plaintiff was ineligible for any service credit, as he was serving a sentence for
first degree murder. After supplemental briefing and argument, the trial court granted the
motion to dismiss, finding that, pursuant to section 3-6-3(a)(2)(i), plaintiff was precluded from
receiving the credit. This appeal followed.
¶7 II. ANALYSIS
¶8 Plaintiff now contends that the trial court erred in granting defendant’s motion to dismiss.
Because Illinois is a fact-pleading jurisdiction, a plaintiff must set forth a legally recognized
claim and plead facts in support of each element that bring the claim within the cause of action
alleged. Rodriguez v. Illinois Prisoner Review Board, 376 Ill. App. 3d 429, 434 (2007). To
survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action, a complaint must be both
legally and factually sufficient. Id. Dismissal pursuant to section 2-615 is inappropriate where
the allegations of the complaint, construed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, are
sufficient to establish a cause of action upon which relief may be granted. Oliver v. Pierce,
2012 IL App (4th) 110005, ¶ 11. In ruling on such a motion to dismiss, a court must accept as
true all well-pleaded facts in the complaint and all reasonable inferences therefrom. Id. We
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review a section 2-615 dismissal de novo. Reynolds v. Jimmy John’s Enterprises, LLC, 2013
IL App (4th) 120139, ¶ 25.
¶9 “Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy used to compel a public official to perform a
purely ministerial duty where no exercise of discretion is involved.” People ex rel. Alvarez v.
Skryd, 241 Ill. 2d 34, 38 (2011). A writ of mandamus will issue only if the petitioner
establishes (1) a clear right to the relief requested, (2) a clear duty of the public official to act,
and (3) clear authority in the public official to comply with the writ. Id. at 39.
¶ 10 IDOC has operated under various versions of the Unified Code during plaintiff’s
incarceration. These versions contained different formulas by which to calculate credits for
inmates to advance parole eligibility or the date beyond which an inmate may no longer be
incarcerated. In 1973, section 3-6-3 of the Unified Code barred inmates who were convicted
of, among other things, first degree murder from earning sentence credit for participating in
various IDOC educational programs. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 38, § 1003-6-3. This
prohibition continued until January 1, 2018, when the General Assembly deleted the
prohibition in Public Act 99-938, § 10 (eff. Jan. 1, 2018). Compare 730 ILCS 5/3-6-3(a)(4)
(West 2018) with 730 ILCS 5/3-6-3(a)(4) (West 2016). Further, in Public Act 100-3, § 35 (eff.
Jan. 1, 2018), the legislature added subparagraph 4.7 to section 3-6-3(a) of the Unified Code,
which stated in relevant part:
“On or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 100th General Assembly,
sentence credit under paragraph (3), (4), or (4.1) of this subsection (a) may be awarded
to a prisoner who is serving a sentence for an offense described in paragraph
(2) [(which includes first degree murder)] … for credit earned on or after the effective
date of this amendatory Act[.]” (Emphasis added.) 730 ILCS 5/3-6-3(a)(4.7) (West
2018).
¶ 11 In construing a statute, our primary objective is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of
the legislature, and the plain language of a statute is the most reliable indication of legislative
intent. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Earth Foods, Inc., 238 Ill. 2d 455, 461 (2010). Where
the language of the statute is clear, we must apply it as written without resort to aids or tools of
interpretation. Id. We should read the statute as a whole and construe it so that no term is
rendered superfluous or meaningless. Id. We will not depart from a statute’s plain language by
reading into the statute exceptions, limitations, or conditions that conflict with the legislative
intent. Id.
¶ 12 Plaintiff argues that, pursuant to section 3-6-3(a)(4) of the Unified Code, he is entitled to
credit for educational programs that he allegedly completed prior to January 1, 2018. We
disagree. The plain language of Public Act 100-3 requires sentence credit for program
participation for persons, like plaintiff, who were convicted of first degree murder “for credit
earned on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act.” Pub. Act 100-3, § 35 (eff. Jan. 1,
2018) (adding 730 ILCS 5/3-6-3(a)(4.7)). Plaintiff is seeking to force defendant to grant him
credit for program participation that occurred prior to the effective date of the amendatory act.
Such relief is outside the clear statutory mandate; therefore, plaintiff has failed to establish “a
clear right to the relief requested, a clear duty of the public official to act, and clear authority in
the public official to comply with the writ.” Alvarez, 241 Ill. 2d at 39. Thus, construing the
allegations of the complaint in the light most favorable to plaintiff, we find that the allegations
were insufficient to establish a cause of action upon which relief may be granted. Therefore,
dismissal pursuant to section 2-615 of the Code was appropriate.
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¶ 13 We granted defendant’s motion to cite supplemental authority, which informed this court
that the legislature further amended section 3-6-3 of the Unified Code in section 5 of Public
Act 101-440 (eff. Jan. 1, 2020), which states in relevant part:
“(B) The Department shall award sentence credit under this paragraph
(4) accumulated prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 101st General
Assembly in an amount specified in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph (4) to an
inmate serving a sentence for an offense committed prior to June 19, 1998, if the
Department determines that the inmate is entitled to this sentence credit ….
…
(C) If the inmate can provide documentation that he or she is entitled to sentence
credit under subparagraph (B) in excess of 45 days of participation in those programs,
the inmate shall receive 90 days of sentence credit. If the inmate cannot provide
documentation of more than 45 days of participation in those programs, the inmate
shall receive 45 days of sentence credit. In the event of a disagreement between the
Department and the inmate as to the amount of credit accumulated under subparagraph
(B), if the Department provides documented proof of a lesser amount of days of
participation in those programs, that proof shall control. If the Department provides no
documentary proof, the inmate’s proof as set forth in clause (ii) of subparagraph (B)
shall control as to the amount of sentence credit provided.” Pub. Act 101-440, § 5 (eff.
Jan. 1, 2020) (adding 730 ILCS 5/3-6-3(a)(4)(B), (C)).
Defendant states in his motion that, “in January 2020, [plaintiff] can apply for up to 90 days of
sentence credit under the new amendment.”
¶ 14 However, plaintiff did not allege the application of this amendment or seek to compel this
specific relief in his complaint for mandamus. As a general rule, Illinois courts do not render
advisory opinions. In re Alfred H.H., 233 Ill. 2d 345, 351 (2009). The future application of the
amendment is not before this court, and we will not address it.
¶ 15 We also note that, in his reply brief, plaintiff sought the additional relief of compelling
defendant “to promulgate the regulations required by [730 ILCS 5/3-6-3(a)(4) (West 2018)]”
and of making “plain that the new regulations must include retroactive application of sentence
credit for program participation.” This request for additional relief fails for two reasons. First,
plaintiff did not request this relief in his initial brief. Points not argued in an appellant’s initial
brief “are forfeited and shall not be raised in the reply brief.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 341(h)(7) (eff. May
25, 2018); see also In re Marriage of Kasprzyk, 2019 IL App (4th) 170838, ¶ 40. Second, it
seeks the promulgation of rules that would grant retroactive relief that, as we have shown,
Public Act 100-3 does not authorize for plaintiff.
¶ 16 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 17 For these reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Lee County is affirmed.
¶ 18 Affirmed.
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