J-E03003-20
2021 PA Super 80
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
v. :
:
COLBY DAVID ORNER :
:
Appellee : No. 351 MDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 24, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0007025-2013
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., LAZARUS, J., OLSON,
J., STABILE, J., NICHOLS, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and KING, J.
DISSENTING OPINION BY KING, J.: FILED APRIL 27, 2021
I respectfully disagree with the majority’s decision to affirm the PCRA
court’s order granting Appellee a new trial due to counsel’s failure to call
Evelyn Detter as a witness. In my opinion, counsel’s actions did not prejudice
Appellee. Consequently, Appellee failed to satisfy each prong of the test for
ineffectiveness. Therefore, I would reverse the PCRA court’s order and
reinstate Appellee’s judgment of sentence.
At the PCRA hearing on August 15, 2018, trial counsel stated that
Appellee identified Mrs. Detter as a possible witness prior to trial. (N.T. PCRA
Hearing, 8/15/18, at 9). To that end, trial counsel hired a private investigator
to take a statement from Mrs. Detter on May 20, 2014. In that statement,
Mrs. Detter told the private investigator that “[M.B.] had told [Mrs. Detter]
that [the incident] was consensual and that [M.B.] was caught in the act by
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her boyfriend.” (Id. at 10). Trial counsel, however, was unable to locate Mrs.
Detter to testify at Appellee’s trial.
On cross-examination, trial counsel clarified that his trial strategy was
to emphasize that M.B. and Appellee engaged in consensual oral sex, but that
Appellee denied having any penile/vaginal sex with M.B. (Id. at 21). Trial
counsel admitted that Mrs. Detter’s May 20, 2014 statement was inconsistent
with Appellee’s (and M.B.’s) trial testimony, where Mrs. Detter’s statement
“referred to just sex not about oral.” (Id. at 22-23). Trial counsel also
admitted that Mrs. Detter’s statement was inconsistent with Appellee’s trial
testimony concerning “how [Appellee] left or how it was stopped,” and
whether M.B. accompanied Appellee and Mr. Krouse to the VFW. (Id. at 22-
23).
Mrs. Detter testified that she was prepared to be a witness for Appellee,
but did not receive a subpoena because she was in Atlantic City caring for her
father. (Id. at 33-34). Mrs. Detter indicated that, had she been called to
testify at Appellee’s trial, she would have testified that M.B. “always had
trouble” with Mr. Krouse. (Id. at 35). Mrs. Detter also claimed she would
have testified that M.B. and Appellee had a “sexual relationship” prior to
Appellee’s alleged rape of M.B. on December 31, 2012. (Id. at 38-39). Mrs.
Detter admitted that she was not a witness to the incident, and she was not
present in the house at the time it occurred. (Id. at 35).
Mrs. Detter further stated that a day or two after the incident, M.B. told
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her that M.B. and Appellee had planned to get Mr. Krouse drunk on New Year’s
Eve so that M.B. and Appellee could have “sexual contact.” (Id. at 36-37).
M.B. told Mrs. Detter that the trio went to the VFW to drink. (Id.) Mrs. Detter
explained that M.B. left the VFW first and Appellee soon followed her. (Id. at
37). Mrs. Detter testified that M.B. told her that while M.B. and Appellee were
having sex, Mr. Krouse returned home from the VFW and walked into the
bedroom, causing Appellee to jump off of M.B. and run away. (Id. at 37-38).
As the majority acknowledges:
[T]o prevail on a claim of ineffectiveness for failing to call a
witness, a [petitioner] must prove, in addition to meeting
the three Pierce[1] requirements, that: (1) the witness
existed; (2) the witness was available to testify for the
defense; (3) counsel knew or should have known of the
existence of the witness; (4) the witness was willing to
testify for the defense; and (5) the absence of the
[witness’] testimony was so prejudicial as to have
denied him a fair trial.
Commonwealth v. Wright, 599 Pa. 270, 331,
961 A.2d 119, 155 (2008)
(emphasis added). Specifically:
To demonstrate…prejudice, a petitioner must show how the
uncalled [witness’] testimony would have been beneficial
under the circumstances of the case. Thus, counsel will
not be found ineffective for failing to call a witness
unless the petitioner can show that the [witness’]
testimony would have been helpful to the defense. A
failure to call a witness is not per se ineffective assistance
of counsel for such decision usually involves matters of trial
strategy.
____________________________________________
1 Commonwealth v. Pierce, 537 Pa. 514,
645 A.2d 189 (1994).
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Commonwealth v. Sneed, 616 Pa. 1, 23,
45 A.3d 1096, 1109 (2012)
(internal citations and quotation marks omitted) (emphasis added).
Instantly, Mrs. Detter’s proposed testimony that M.B. and Mr. Krouse
had a “troubled” relationship was cumulative of trial testimony from Mr.
Krouse, Officer Scott George, Scott Stambaugh, and Appellee. (N.T. Trial,
10/8-9/14, at 187-88; 209; 308; 313-18). Additionally, Mrs. Detter’s
proposed testimony that M.B. and Appellee had a sexual relationship prior to
the day of the incident was cumulative of Appellee’s trial testimony. (Id. at
313; 320; 339; 364-65).
As for Mrs. Detter’s testimony that M.B. told her that she and Appellee
planned to get Mr. Krouse drunk on New Year’s Eve so they could have “sexual
contact,” and that the trio went to the VFW, this testimony contradicted
Appellee’s trial testimony that M.B. did not go to the VFW and that M.B. did
not explicitly ask him to engage in sexual contact that evening. (Id. at 319-
20; 343). Mrs. Detter’s testimony that M.B. told her that Mr. Krouse walked
into the house while Appellee and M.B. were having sex, leading Appellee to
“jump off” of M.B. and run away, also contradicted Appellee’s own trial
testimony. Rather, Appellee testified that he stopped having oral sex with
M.B. at her request and simply left the residence. (Id. at 321-23; 347-48).
Finally, to the extent Mrs. Detter’s testimony can be interpreted to imply that
M.B. and Appellee had penile/vaginal sexual intercourse that night, this also
contradicted Appellee’s trial testimony that he and M.B. did not engage in
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penile/vaginal sexual intercourse. (Id. at 322; 324-25; 328-29; 345-46).
The record demonstrates that Mrs. Detter’s proffered testimony does
not add any new evidence to Appellee’s case. See Commonwealth v. Tharp,
627 Pa. 673, 710,
101 A.3d 736, 758 (2014) (explaining appellant failed to
demonstrate prejudice where proposed witness’ testimony would have been
merely cumulative of other evidence). In fact, much of Mrs. Detter’s
testimony contradicts the evidence presented by Appellee. See
Sneed,
supra at 23,
45 A.3d at 1109 (stating “counsel will not be found ineffective
for failing to call a witness unless the petitioner can show that the witness’s
testimony would have been helpful to the defense”). Appellee, therefore,
cannot prove counsel’s failure to call Mrs. Detter as a witness prejudiced him,
where it is unlikely that Mrs. Detter’s testimony would have influenced the
outcome of the proceedings.2 See
id.
____________________________________________
2 The majority compares the facts of this case to Commonwealth v. Matias,
63 A.3d 807 (Pa.Super. 2013) (en banc), appeal denied,
621 Pa. 671,
74 A.3d
1030 (2013). In Matias, this Court agreed with the PCRA court’s decision to
grant appellant a new trial where appellant’s trial counsel failed to call
appellant’s daughter to testify concerning appellant’s alleged abuse of Victim,
and the Commonwealth’s case against appellant rested entirely upon Victim’s
credibility. Matias is distinguishable from the instant matter, however,
because the court in Matias found Victim’s testimony (which the jury relied
upon to convict appellant) to be “bizarre, unbelievable, and ever changing….”
Id. at 811. The court in Matias concluded that trial counsel should have
called appellant’s child to testify because the child’s testimony could have
contradicted Victim’s unreliable statements. Here, M.B.’s testimony remained
consistent throughout the course of the investigation and proceedings.
Therefore, unlike appellant’s child’s testimony in Matias, Mrs. Detter’s
testimony would not have so easily undermined M.B.’s testimony as to render
it crucial to the trial’s outcome.
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Under these circumstances, Appellee cannot show counsel provided
ineffective assistance, and I would reverse the order awarding a new trial and
reinstate Appellee’s judgment of sentence. Accordingly, I dissent.
President Judge Panella and Judge McLaughlin join the dissenting
opinion.
Judge Nichols concurs in the result.
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