209 F. Supp. 2d 889 - Black v. McGuffage’s Empirical Analysis
2002
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 12 later decisions — most recently August 2024
1 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife · Hishon v. King & Spalding · Griswold v. State of Connecticut · Washington v. Davis · Reynolds v. Sims
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“individuals living in punch card jurisdictions have a greater statistical probability of not having their votes counted . . . [and] that the counties with the punch card system have larger populations of minorities than do counties using other voting systems, and thus use of those less accurate machines has a disparate impact on minority voters.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[The d]efendants argue that [the p]laintiffs have asserted a generalized grievance and that the statistical likelihood of future injury is insufficient to bring standing. [The p]laintiffs allege that African American and Latino voters suffered injury when they use the challenged voting systems because they voted in the 2000 election in precincts recording a substantial and disproportionate number of undervotes. As the district court held in Andrews v. Cox , No. 1:01-CV-319-ODE (N.D. Ga. Aug. 20, 2001), '[the] plaintiffs sufficiently allege a personal injury ... by the disproportionate risk of having their votes not counted.' Slip op. at 8. The ballot machinery used in the jurisdictions in which [the p]laintiffs vote increases the likelihood that their votes will not be counted.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Heindel v. Andino“jurisdictions that employ[ed] either punch-card voting systems or provide optical scan without error notification experience a higher percentage of residual votes than those jurisdictions that use optical scanning equipment with error notification (a residual vote is a ballot that does not contain a permissible vote)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Heindel v. Andino
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.