Ex Parte: Edward T Young’s Empirical Analysis
209 U.S. 123 · 1908
Citation profile
3,685 federal appellate · 2,423 district · 635 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 14,464 later decisions (469 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2025 · most notably Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York (1978), Scheuer v. Rhodes (1974)
3,685 federal appellate · 2,423 district · 635 state decisions — followed in 45 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hans v. State of Louisiana · Osborn v. President Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States · Smyth v. Ames · Munn v. Illinois
Cited together with Edelman v. Jordan · Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · Hans v. State of Louisiana · Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida · Ford Motor Co. v. Department of Treasury
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 14,464 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.”
332 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“who threaten and are about to commence proceedings, either of a civil or criminal nature, to enforce against parties affected an unconstitutional act, violating the Federal Constitution.”
38 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“It may therefore be said that when the penalties for disobedience are by fines so enormous and imprisonment so severe as to intimidate the company and its officers from resorting to the courts to test the validity of the legislation, the result is the same as if the law in terms prohibited the company from seeking judicial construction of laws which deeply affect its rights.”
24 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.