¶1delivered the opinion of the Court.
¶2This was an action of debt, by Anderson against Barnes, Morris and Bradshaw, upon two writings obligatory, each for the payment of six hundred dollars.
¶3The only question presented by the record, is as to the sufficiency of the plea of partial failure of consideration, interposed by the defendant, Barnes. The plea alleges substantially as follows:
¶4That the writing obligatory sued' on — together with a certain other writing obligatory, for the sum of six hundred dollars,, which had been paid — was executed and delivered by Barnes and his co-defendants, for and in consideration of a certain-tract of land sold to him by one Ringstaff, and of a certain improvement pointed out and represented by the vendor to be upon the land, consisting of a dwelling and out houses, and. twenty-two acres of cleared land. That the vendor pointed out the land, but did not trace the lines, and the defendant Barnes, relying on the truth of the representation, was induced to make the purchase and execute the writings obligatory; when in fact, the improvement — except about two acres of ground, cleared and fenced — was not on the land, but was situate on certain other land adjoining thereto, belonging to the State, ¡and commonly called swamp land. That the improvement was ■estimated by the defendant, Barnes, at the time of the purchase, to be worth, and was worth seven hundred dollars, etc.
¶5The Circuit Court sustained a demurrer to the plea, and the defendant rested.
¶6It was held in Wheat use etc. vs. Dotson, 7 Eng. 699, that in an action on a writing obligatory, for recovery of the purchase money on the sale of real estate, a partial failure of consideration is the subject of recoupment, when the partial failure is in the quantity or quality of the property sold, but not when the partial failure is in the title. The counsel for the appellee, conceding the soundness of the rule, insists that the facts set up in the plea, show no failure in the quantity or quality of the land, but merely a misrepresentation as to its boundaiy, and that the appellant can have relief in a Court of equity only.
¶7The Court thinks differently. That the alleged false representation related to the quality of the land, we think there can be no doubt. To confine the term “ quality,” in this connection, to natural qualities, such as fertility of soil and the like, would be a narrow construction. It must be understood in a more comprehensive sense, as embracing not only qualities essentially inherent in the land itself, but also adventitious qualities— qualities extrinsically added, such as preparation for cultivation or any other material improvement made upon the land. This is the received sense in which the term is used when applied to realty. Thus, it is laid down, that in an “ action brought for recovery of real property, its quality should be shown; as whether it consists of houses, lands or other hereditaments, and in general it should be stated whether the lands be meadow, pasture, or arable,” etc. See Stephen on Pleading p. 296; Bouvier's Law Dictionary “ quality.”
¶8According to the decision of this court in Wheat use etc. vs. Dotson, supra, a party is not required to resort to a Court of equity, but may make his defence at law, except in cases where the partial failure goes to the title; and' there is nothing on the face of the plea before us which raises any question touching the title. In Sandford vs. Handy, 23 Wend. 268, which was covenant for the purchase money, the Supreme Court of New York held that the defendant might recoup the damages by showing a false representation as to the location of the land, made under circumstances and in a way calculated to mislead the defendant.
¶9This case is directly responsive to the argument of the counsel.
¶10In sustaining the demurrer to the plea, the Court erred. The judgment must therefore be reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings.