21 Cal. 4th 226 - People v. Birkett’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
341 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 341 later decisions — most recently June 2019 · most notably 30 Cal. 4th 894 - Robert L. v. Superior Court (2003), 23 Cal. 4th 116 - Kraus v. Trinity Management Services, Inc. (2000)
341 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 45 Cal. 3d 727 - Lungren v. Deukmejian · 15 Cal. 3d 481 - People v. Lent · 7 Cal. 4th 1 - Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn. · 46 Cal. 3d 1 - People v. Morris · 2 Cal. 3d 1 - Helfend v. Southern California Rapid Transit District
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 341 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“we refer to other indicia of the voters' intent, particularly the analyses and arguments contained in the official ballot pamphlet.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“we turn first to the language of the statute, giving the words their ordinary meaning.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“unless doing so would lead to absurd results the Legislature could not have intended.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.