21 Cal. 4th 464 - People v. Ray’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 3 district · 105 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 120 later decisions — most recently July 2021 · most notably 23 Cal. 4th 824 - People v. Camacho (2000), State v. Ryon (2005)
6 federal appellate · 3 district · 105 state decisions — followed in 16 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · United States v. Leon · Schmerber v. State of California · Stone v. Powell · Mincey v. Arizona
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 120 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“circumstances short of a perceived emergency may justify a warrantless entry”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“'are searching for evidence or perpetrators of a crime.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“An officer "less willing" to discharge community care-taking functions implicates seriously undesirable consequences for society at large: In that event, we might reasonably anticipate "the assistance role of law enforcement ... in this society will go downhill.... The police cannot obtain a warrant for .. . entry. [W]ithout a warrant, the police are powerless. In the future police will tell such concerned citizens, 'Sorry. We can't help you. We need a warrant and can't get one.'"”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Maddix · State v. Ziedonis
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.