United States v. Munoz-Realpe’s Empirical Analysis
21 F.3d 375 · 1994
Citation profile
66 federal appellate · 6 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 93 later decisions — most recently February 2015 · most notably United States v. Jones (1998), United States v. Barbosa (2001)
66 federal appellate · 6 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 11 U.S.C. § 523 · 18 U.S.C. § 3553 · 21 U.S.C. § 952 · 21 U.S.C. § 960 · 28 U.S.C. § 1920 · 28 U.S.C. § 994
Relies on Stinson v. United States · Smith v. United States · Wade v. United States · Crawford Fitting Company v. Jt Gibbons Inc Champion International Corporation · Oscar Mayer & Co. v. Evans
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 93 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'Cocaine base,' for the purposes of this guideline, means 'crack.' 'Crack' is the street name for a form of cocaine base, usually prepared by processing cocaine hydrochloride and sodium bicarbonate ....”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“; Congress indicated that it intends the term”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“forms of cocaine base other than crack are treated as cocaine hydrochloride.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.