United States v. Shephard’s Empirical Analysis
21 F.3d 933 · 1994
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 3 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently July 2022 · most notably LaLonde v. County of Riverside (2000), Williams v. State (2002)
13 federal appellate · 3 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on Wong Sun v. United States · Ker v. State of California · United States v. Robinson · Vandygriff v. Phillips · Henry v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“First, we consider the proximity of the illegal [police action] with the seizure of the evidence. Second, we consider whether there were independent intervening events that led the police to the evidence. Third, we consider the effect of suppression on the exclusionary rule’s purpose of deterring police misconduct. These three factors are closely related.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“An exigency is an emergency so pressing that a warrant cannot be obtained. Only where police must react immediately may they disregard the warrant requirement.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.