James v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.’s Empirical Analysis
21 F.3d 989 · 1994
Citation profile
89 federal appellate · 28 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 147 later decisions — most recently November 2023 · most notably Ingels v. Thiokol Corp. (1994), O'neal v. Ferguson Construction Co. (2001)
89 federal appellate · 28 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1920 · 29 U.S.C. § 216 · 29 U.S.C. § 623 (§ 4 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 626 (§ 7 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 631 (§ 12 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Crawford Fitting Company v. Jt Gibbons Inc Champion International Corporation · West Virginia University Hospitals, Inc. v. Casey · Rosenberg v. Comerica Bank · Holmes v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 147 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a] finding of constructive discharge must not be based upon the discriminatory act”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“whether the employer by its illegal discriminatory acts has made working conditions so difficult that a reasonable person in the employee's position would feel compelled to resign.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] perceived demotion or reassignment to a job with lower status or lower pay may . . . constitute aggravating factors that would justify [a] finding of constructive discharge,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.