¶1By the Court.
¶2delivering the opinion.
¶3Were these words actionable, per se?
¶4They were if they imputed an offence. Saunders Pl. & Ev. vol. 2. pt. 2, 898.
¶5The common law does not say that a rogue is a criminal, and therefore it is not slander by the common law to call a man a rogue. Stark. Sland. 24.
¶6Tried by the common law, then, these words do not impute any offence.
¶7Do they impute an offence when tried by the statute law ?
¶8There is, I believe, but one part of the statute law that bears upon the question, and that is. the 23d section of the 10th division of the Penal Code, a section which is as follows : “ If any person shall be apprehended having upon him or her any picklock, key, crow, bit, or other instrument, with intent to break or enter into any dwelling house, ware house, store, shop, coach house, stable, or out house, in order to *400steal or commit any other crime; or shall have upon him any pistol, hanger, cutlass, bludgeon, or other offensive weapon, with intent to commit a crime on' any person, which, if committed, would be punished by death or confinement in the penitentiary; or shall be found in or about any dwelling house, warehouse, store, shop, coach house, stable or out house, with intent to steal any goods or chatttels, every' such person shall be deemed a rogue and vagabond, and on conviction, shall be punished by confinement and labor in the penitentiary for any time not less than one year, nor longer than five years, or by imprisonment in the common jail of the county, at the .discretion of the Court.” Cobb Dig. 817.
¶9The person to whom this section applies, is “ to be deemed a rogue and vagabond.”
¶10Therefore^ to say of any person that he was a rogue and vagabond, would be to impute to him an offence; the offence of violating this section of the code, and consequently would be, per se, slander.
¶11But to say of a person merely, that he is a rogue, is not the same thing as to say of him that he is a rogue and vagabond. The yrord vagabond, as used in the statute, must have some meaning that the word rogue did not have, else why was it used ?
¶12And that the word rogue, as used in this case, is not equivalent to the words rogue and vagabond, is apparent from the innuendo, which is, “ meaning thereby, that your petitioner had been guilty of larceny, theft or. roguery.” This innuendo points to another part of the code, the part which relates to larceny; at least, of its three explanatory terms, two, if not all three, so point.
¶13We think, therefore, that to call a man.a rogue is not,per se, actionable either by the common law or by the statute law.
¶14Judgment affirmed.